Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33744316›Full record

ArticleJournal of molecular biology2021

N-terminal Domain of TDP43 Enhances Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Globular Proteins.

G Campbell Carter, Chia-Heng Hsiung, Leman Simpson, Haopeng Yang, Xin Zhang

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of molecular biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. TDP-43 Aggregation: The Healthy-Toxic Balance of the Prion-Like Domain.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
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  9. A Prion-Like Domain in EBV EBNA1 Promotes Phase Separation and Enables SRRM1 Splicing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Identifying interactions between TDP-43's N-terminal and RNA-binding domains.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Engineering Protein-Polyelectrolyte Interactions for Cellular Applications.Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

G Campbell CarterDepartment of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
Chia-Heng HsiungDepartment of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
Leman SimpsonDepartment of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
Haopeng YangDepartment of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
Xin ZhangDepartment of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States. Electronic address: xuz31@psu.edu.
Pennsylvania State University · US

Funding

Chemically Probing and Regulating Misfolding and Aggregation of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in Membraneless OrganellesR35GM133484 · NIGMS · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI ZHANG, XIN · 2019 to 2021
$1.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM133484
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins is involved in a growing number of cellular processes. Most proteins with LLPS harbor intrinsically disordered regions (IDR), which serve as a guideline to search for cellular proteins that potentially phase separate. Herein, we reveal that oligomerization lowers the barriers for LLPS and could act as a general mechanism to enhance LLPS of proteins domains independent of IDR. Using TDP43 as a model system, we found that deleting its IDR resulted in LLPS that was dependent on the oligomerization of the N-terminal domain (NTD). Replacing TDP43's NTD with other oligomerization domains enhanced the LLPS proportionately to the state of oligomerization. In addition to TDP43, fusing NTD to other globular proteins without known LLPS behavior also drove their phase separation in a manner dependent on oligomerization. Finally, we demonstrate that heterooligomers composed of NTD-fused proteins can be driven into droplets through NTD interactions. Our results potentiate a new paradigm for using oligomerization domains as a signature to systematically identify cellular proteins with LLPS behavior, thus broadening the scope of this exciting research field.

Indexed as

Binding SitesCoumarinsDNA-Binding ProteinsFluoresceinsFluorescent DyesGene ExpressionGenetic VectorsHEK293 CellsHumansIntrinsically Disordered ProteinsProtein BindingProtein Interaction Domains and MotifsProtein MultimerizationRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRhodaminesStaining and LabelingCoumarinsDNA-Binding Proteinsfluorescein 5-maleimideFluoresceinsFluorescent DyesIntrinsically Disordered ProteinsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRhodaminesTARDBP protein, humanliquid-liquid phase separationmembrane-less organellesoligomerizationRNA-binding proteinsTDP43

Identifiers

PMID33744316
PMCPMC8094807
OpenAlexW3138776932

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.