ArticleParasites & vectors2021
Potential metabolic resistance mechanisms to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae: a synergist bioassay study.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrating Community Practices, Vector Resistance, and Molecular Xenomonitoring of Wuchereria Bancrofti: A One Health Implementation Study in Lymphatic Filariasis-Endemic Communities.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: Current status, mechanism, monitoring and innovative strategies for sustainable vector control.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Complex non-Research square · 2026Article
- Selection of the optimal long-acting injectable formulation of ivermectin for use in humans to target malaria vectors in Western Africa: evaluation of pharmacokinetics and mosquitocidal efficacy in cattle under laboratory conditions.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the safety and insecticidal efficacy of ivermectin-treated bird feed formulations in different avian species.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Lethal effects of ivermectin structures on malaria vectors and in silico analysis of interactions with their glutamate-gated chloride ion channels.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Efficacy of high doses of ivermectin-clorsulon in cattle on Glossina palpalis gambiensis survival and fecundity: implications for human and animal trypanosomoses control.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Toxicity of ivermectin on multiple insecticide-resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, Aedes aegypti, and Culex mosquitoes.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the safety and insecticidal efficacy of ivermectin-treated bird feed formulations in different avian species.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Ivermectin resistance mechanisms in ectoparasites: a scoping review.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- Lethal and sublethal impacts of membrane-fed ivermectin are concentration dependent in Anopheles coluzzii.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- A field bioassay for assessing ivermectin bio-efficacy in wild malaria vectors.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Effects of larval exposure to sublethal doses of ivermectin on adult fitness and susceptibility to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae s.s.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin metabolites and their activity against Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Proof-of-concept study for a long-acting formulation of ivermectin injected in cattle as a complementary malaria vector control tool.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Effects of ivermectin treatment of backyard chickens on mosquito dynamics and West Nile virus transmission.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite remarkable success obtained with current malaria vector control strategies in the last 15 years, additional innovative measures will be needed to achieve the ambitious goals for malaria control set for 2030 by the World Health Organization (WHO). New tools will need to address insecticide resistance and residual transmission as key challenges. Endectocides such as ivermectin are drugs that kill mosquitoes which feed on treated subjects. Mass administration of ivermectin can effectively target outdoor and early biting vectors, complementing the still effective conventional tools. Although this approach has garnered attention, development of ivermectin resistance is a potential pitfall. Herein, we evaluate the potential role of xenobiotic pumps and cytochrome P450 enzymes in protecting mosquitoes against ivermectin by active efflux and metabolic detoxification, respectively.
methodsWe determined the lethal concentration 50 for ivermectin in colonized Anopheles gambiae; then we used chemical inhibitors and inducers of xenobiotic pumps and cytochrome P450 enzymes in combination with ivermectin to probe the mechanism of ivermectin detoxification.
resultsDual inhibition of xenobiotic pumps and cytochromes was found to have a synergistic effect with ivermectin, greatly increasing mosquito mortality. Inhibition of xenobiotic pumps alone had no effect on ivermectin-induced mortality. Induction of xenobiotic pumps and cytochromes may confer partial protection from ivermectin.
conclusionThere is a clear pathway for development of ivermectin resistance in malaria vectors. Detoxification mechanisms mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes are more important than xenobiotic pumps in protecting mosquitoes against ivermectin.
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