ArticleBMC medical education2021
Intimidation, harassment, and discrimination during family medicine residency training: a mixed methods study.
Article in BMC medical education, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resident Physicians' Work-Related Emotional Experiences: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Research.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association between adverse practice experiences and positional competence among residents: a multicenter cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- General practice trainee, supervisor and educator perspectives on the transitions in postgraduate training: a scoping review.Family medicine and community health · 2024Article
- Associations among the workplace violence, burnout, depressive symptoms, suicidality, and turnover intention in training physicians: a network analysis of nationwide survey.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- International medical graduates' experiences with caring for cross-cultural patient populations: Qualitative study in Alberta.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2023Article
- Some Things Change, Some Things Stay the Same: Trends in Canadian Education in Paediatric Cardiology and the Cardiac Sciences.CJC pediatric and congenital heart disease · 2022Review
- Designing the learning of intraprofessional collaboration among medical residents.Medical education · 2022Article
- Exploring power dynamics and their impact on intraprofessional learning.Medical education · 2022Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe importance of wellbeing of family medicine residents is recognized in accreditation requirements which call for a supportive and respectful learning environment; however, concerns exist about learner mistreatment in the medical environment. The purpose of this study was to to describe family medicine graduates' perceived experience with intimidation, harassment and discrimination (IHD) during residency training.
methodsA mixed-methods study was conducted on a cohort of family medicine graduates who completed residency training during 2006-2011. Phase 1, the quantitative component, consisted of a retrospective survey of 651 graduates. Phase 2, the qualitative component, was comprised of 11 qualitative interviews. Both the survey and the interviews addressed graduates' experience with IHD with respect to frequency and type, setting, perpetrator, perceived basis for IHD, and the effect of the IHD.
resultsThe response rate to the survey was 47.2%, with 44.7% of respondents indicating that they experienced some form of mistreatment/IHD during residency training, and 69.9% noting that it occurred more than once. The primary sources of IHD were specialist physicians (75.7%), hospital nurses (47.8%), and family physicians (33.8%). Inappropriate verbal comments were the most frequent type of IHD (86.8%). Graduates perceived the basis of the IHD to be abuse of power (69.1%), personality conflict (36.8%), and family medicine as a career choice (30.1%), which interview participants also described. A significantly greater proportion IMGs than CMGs perceived the basis of IHD to be culture/ethnicity (47.2% vs 10.5%, respectively). The vast majority (77.3%) of graduates reported that the IHD experience had a negative effect on them, consisting of decreased self-esteem and confidence, increased anxiety, and sleep problems. As trainees, they felt angry, threatened, demoralized, discouraged, manipulated, and powerless. Some developed depression or burnout, took medication, or underwent counselling.
conclusionsIHD continued to be prevalent during family medicine residency training, with it occurring most frequently in the hospital setting and specialty rotations. Educational institutions must work with hospital administrators to address issues of mistreatment in the workplace. Residency training programs and the medical establishment need to be cognizant that the effects of IHD are far-reaching and must continuously work to eradicate it.
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