ArticleChemosphere2021
Trends in urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the non-smoking U.S. population, NHANES 2001-2014.
Article in Chemosphere, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contribute to inflammation in a pregnancy cohort.Environmental research, health : ERH · 2026Article
- High levels of urinary naphthalene metabolites measured in a sample of California schoolchildren: a call to expand monitoring and identify exposure sources.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Changing pattern of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over time in the Central European population.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Chemical structure drives developmental toxicity of alkyl-substituted naphthalenes in zebrafish.Environment international · 2025Article
- Trends in NHANES Biomonitored Exposures in California and the United States following Enactment of California's Proposition 65.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame-Retardant Metabolites in the US Population.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Association between brominated flame retardants (PBDEs and PBB153) exposure and hypertension in U.S. adults: results from NHANES 2005-2016.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- Characterizing Chemical Exposure Trends from NHANES Urinary Biomonitoring Data.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Effect of Normalization Methods on Accuracy of Estimating Low- and High-Molecular Weight PAHs Distribution in the Soils of a Coking Plant.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon excretion and regional body fat distribution: evidence from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2016.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Article
- Predictors of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in girls from the San Francisco Bay Area.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in relation to placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH) in the CANDLE pregnancy cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and mortality in the United States: A prospective analysis.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent studies indicate airborne PAH levels have decreased in the U.S., but it is unclear if this has resulted in PAH exposure changes in the U.S. POPULATION:
objectiveExamine temporal trends in urinary metabolites of Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, and Pyrene in U.S. non-smokers, 6+ years old.
methodsWe used biomonitoring data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program, 2001-2014, (N = 11,053) using survey weighted linear regression. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, creatinine, BMI, income, diet, and seasonality. Stratified models evaluated the effect of age, sex, and race/ethnicity on trends.
resultsBetween 2001 and 2014, Naphthalene exposure increased 36% (p < 0.01); Pyrene exposure increased 106% (p < 0.01); Fluorene and Phenanthrene exposure decreased 55% (p < 0.01), and 37% (p < 0.01), respectively. Naphthalene was the most abundant urinary PAH, 20-fold higher than Fluorene and Phenanthrene, and over 50-fold higher than Pyrene compared to reference groups, effect modification was observed by age (Naphthalene, Pyrene), sex (Fluorene, Pyrene), and race/ethnicity (Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Pyrene). SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows exposure to Naphthalene and Pyrene increased, while exposure to Fluorene and Phenanthrene decreased among the non-smoking U.S. general population between 2001 and 2014, suggesting environmental sources of PAHs have changed over the time period.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.