ReviewCell2021
COVID-19 and the human innate immune system.
Review in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 430 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
430 citing papers in PubMed.
- Novel subtypes of severe COVID-19 respiratory failure based on biological heterogeneity: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Trial
- A randomised trial of anti-GM-CSF otilimab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia (OSCAR).The European respiratory journal · 2023Trial
- Incidence and Outcomes of Bloodstream Infections in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Nationwide Multicenter Study in South Korea.Yonsei medical journal · 2026Observational
- Transcriptomics-driven antiviral drug screening identifies ATF6 as a homeostatic regulator of ER stress and innate immunity.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Immune Profiling and Rapid Molecular Diagnostics in Severe Respiratory Infections and Sepsis: The Potential Clinical Perspective of CD169 and CD64.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- ROS-responsive nanogels enable inhaled CD24 immunotherapy for selective hyperinflammation suppression in severe pneumonia.Science advances · 2026Article
- Host-Directed Antiviral Strategies Against Influenza Viruses: Host Targets, Multi-Omics Approaches and AI-Assisted Discovery.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- MELK inhibition disrupts actin cytoskeleton and broadly restricts human coronavirus infections.Nature communications · 2026Article
- COVID-19 vaccination shifts neutrophils toward a mixed activated and regulatory phenotype in patients with severe disease.Molecular biology reports · 2026Observational
- Leukocyte telomere dynamic change in patients with mild to moderate covid-19 during three weeks of follow-up: Relation with therapy.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- SM3DD with segmented PCA: a comprehensive method for interpreting 3D spatial transcriptomics.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Healthcare Development, Relaxed Natural Selection, and COVID-19 Infection Rates: An Evolutionary Population-Level Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Vitamin D deficiency and disease conditions relevant to: Orthopaedic translation.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Lymphopenia in Bacterial Sepsis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis reveals differential expressions of ion channels in immunity response to pulmonary COVID-19 infection.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2026Article
- Host Glycan-Lectin Interplay in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Benefit and risk associated with interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor administration during severe COVID-19: a retrospective multicentric study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Resurgence and clinical evolution of influenza A in Chinese children: shifting epidemiology and serological dynamics across pre-, intra-, and post-pandemic eras (2019-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation triggered by inflammatory cytokines in patients with severe respiratory infections.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Editorial: Immunomodulatory strategies for managing viral infections: host immune responses and therapeutic targets.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
370 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The introduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the human population represents a tremendous medical and economic crisis. Innate immunity-as the first line of defense of our immune system-plays a central role in combating this novel virus. Here, we provide a conceptual framework for the interaction of the human innate immune system with SARS-CoV-2 to link the clinical observations with experimental findings that have been made during the first year of the pandemic. We review evidence that variability in innate immune system components among humans is a main contributor to the heterogeneous disease courses observed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease spectrum induced by SARS-CoV-2. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms observed for cells and soluble mediators involved in innate immunity is a prerequisite for the development of diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies targeting COVID-19. However, this will also require additional studies addressing causality of events, which so far are lagging behind.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.