ArticleAIDS and behavior2021
HIV Stigma, Homophobia, Sexual and Gender Minority Community Connectedness and HIV Testing Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men and Transgender People Who Have Sex with Men in Kazakhstan.
Article in AIDS and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the relationship between HIV Testing frequency and sexual behavior, prevention prophylaxis use among MSM in Southern China.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Longitudinal associations between internalized homophobia trajectories and psychological distress among sexual minority adults: A growth mixture model.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2026Article
- 'Emptiness filled with love': A reflexive thematic analysis of chemsex trajectories among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Almaty, Kazakhstan, using a life course framework.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Trends and Projected Burden of HIV/AIDS in Kazakhstan, 2010-2030: A Comparative Analysis Using GBD 2023 Estimates.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Determinants of HIV Testing Uptake Among People Who Use New Psychoactive Substances in Kazakhstan: A Multi-Regional Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators to HIV testing among transgender people in Georgia: Qualitative study results using the COM-B Framework.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Associations Between HIV-Related Stigma, Trust, and Testing Behaviors Among the General U.S. Adult Population.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Social Impacts of Multi-City HIV Research Participation Among Sexual and Gender Expansive Individuals in Kazakhstan.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Health Behaviors and Experiences of LGBTQ + Individuals during 2022 Mpox Outbreak: Findings from the QVax Study.Journal of community health · 2025Article
- Comparison of registered and survey-based modes of HIV transmission in 2021-2023: Cross-sectional study in the Kyrgyz Republic.PloS one · 2025Article
- From HIV to Mpox: Socio-discursive Analysis of Communicable Diseases, Stigma, and Pathologization in Sexual Minorities in Brazil.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Factors associated with intention of HIV testing among Asian American men: a path analysis.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- Trans Health is Public Health: The Prevalence of HIV Among Trans and Gender Expansive People in Kazakhstan.Research square · 2024Article
- Earlier sexual debut as a risk factor for substance use among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kazakhstan.Global social welfare : research, policy & practice · 2024Article
- Being yourself is a defect: analysis of documented rights violations related to sexual orientation, gender identity and HIV in 2022 using the REAct system in six eastern European, Caucasus and Central Asian countries.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- A citizen science approach to develop a digital intervention to reduce HIV stigma and promote HIV self-testing among adolescents and young adults: a mixed methods analysis from Kazakhstan.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Earlier Sexual Debut and Anti-Gay Victimization Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in Kazakhstan.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2023Article
- Intervention Adaptation and Implementation Method for Real-World Constraints and Using New Technologies.Research on social work practice · 2023Article
- Earlier Sexual Debut and Exchange Sex among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Kazakhstan.Journal of sex research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although HIV incidence is rising among gay, bisexual, and other men (MSM) and transgender people who have sex with men (TSM) in Kazakhstan, whether stigmatizing attitudes and connectedness are associated with HIV testing in this region is not known. We analyzed data from one-time interviews with 304 adult MSM and TSM conducted 2018-2019 in three cities in Kazakhstan. Logistic regression determined whether HIV stigma, internalized homophobia, sexual and gender minority (SGM) connectedness predicted HIV testing (within the lifetime, past year, and past 6 months) before and after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. 80% of participants reported ever receiving an HIV test. Gay-identified participants reported less HIV stigma and internalized homophobia as well as greater connectedness relative to those with bisexual or other identities. In adjusted models, those who had ever tested reported lower HIV stigma (aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.91, P < .001) and higher connectedness (aOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.29, P = .003) than those who had not; those who had ever tested reported lower internalized homophobia in the unadjusted model only (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99, P = .01). Similar differences and trends were found in models examining testing in the past year and past 6 months. Addressing stigmatizing attitudes and connectedness may improve uptake of HIV testing among MSM and TSM in Kazakhstan.
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