ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Association of folate intake and colorectal cancer risk in the postfortification era in US women.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Folate and global health umbrella review series, part 2: syntheses on cancers.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Screening, Identification, and Characterization of Two Folate-ProducingFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Biological, dietetic and pharmacological properties of vitamin BNPJ science of food · 2025Review
- Review
- Genetics, diet, microbiota, and metabolome: partners in crime for colon carcinogenesis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Folate-Dependent One-Carbon Metabolism in Cancer and Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Role of dietary nutrients and metabolism in colorectal cancer.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Review
- Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Explore the Potential Mechanism ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Uncovering the Hidden Dangers and Molecular Mechanisms of Excess Folate: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Genome-wide interaction analysis of folate for colorectal cancer risk.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for folate.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- An evaluation of adherence to folic acid supplementation in pregnant women during early gestation for the prevention of neural tube defects.Public health nutrition · 2022Observational
- Molecular Biologic and Epidemiologic Insights for Preventability of Colorectal Cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFolate may play a preventive role in the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, but long latencies may be needed to observe a reduction in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. In addition, concerns have been raised about the potential for cancer promotion with excessive folate intake, especially after the mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States in 1998.
objectiveWe aimed to examine the association between folate intake in different chemical forms and CRC risk, especially in the postfortification era in the United States.
designWe prospectively followed 86,320 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2016). Folate intake was collected by validated food frequency questionnaires. CRC was self reported and confirmed by review of medical records. The association between the folate intake and CRC risk was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression.
resultsWe documented 1988 incident CRC cases during follow-up. Analyzing folate intake as a continuous variable, greater total folate intake 12-24 y before diagnosis was associated with lower risk of CRC (per increment of 400 dietary folate equivalents (DFE)/d, HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.01 for 12-16 y; HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.92 for 16-20 y; and HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.99 for 20-24 y); and greater synthetic folic acid intake 16-24 y before diagnosis was also associated with a lower CRC risk (per increment of 400 DFE/d, HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.99 for 16-20 y and HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-1.01 for 20-24 y). In the postfortification period (1998-2016), intake of total or specific forms of folate was not associated with CRC risk, even among multivitamin users.
conclusionsFolate intake, both total and from synthetic forms, was associated with a lower risk of overall CRC after long latency periods. There was no evidence that high folate intake in the postfortification period was related to increased CRC risk in this US female population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.