Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33741909›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Nonlinear delay differential equations and their application to modeling biological network motifs.

David S Glass, Xiaofan Jin, Ingmar H Riedel-Kruse

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Exploring memory effects: Sparse identification in vector-borne diseases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. On the existence conditions of interaction indices in response surface models.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Reinforcement Learning for Robust Dynamic Metabolic Control.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Chemical compensation to mechanical loss in cell mechanosensation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
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  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

David S GlassDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.ORCID 0000-0001-8471-1763
Xiaofan JinGladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0802-7692
Ingmar H Riedel-KruseDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and (by courtesy) Departments of Applied Mathematics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. ingmar@arizona.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6068-5561

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biological regulatory systems, such as cell signaling networks, nervous systems and ecological webs, consist of complex dynamical interactions among many components. Network motif models focus on small sub-networks to provide quantitative insight into overall behavior. However, such models often overlook time delays either inherent to biological processes or associated with multi-step interactions. Here we systematically examine explicit-delay versions of the most common network motifs via delay differential equation (DDE) models, both analytically and numerically. We find many broadly applicable results, including parameter reduction versus canonical ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, analytical relations for converting between ODE and DDE models, criteria for when delays may be ignored, a complete phase space for autoregulation, universal behaviors of feedforward loops, a unified Hill-function logic framework, and conditions for oscillations and chaos. We conclude that explicit-delay modeling simplifies the phenomenology of many biological networks and may aid in discovering new functional motifs.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsGene Regulatory NetworksModels, GeneticNonlinear DynamicsAnimalsComputational BiologyFeedback, PhysiologicalGene Expression RegulationHumansSignal Transduction

Identifiers

PMID33741909
PMCPMC7979834

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.