ReviewJournal of hematology & oncology2021
Next generation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and beyond.
Review in Journal of hematology & oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 338 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
338 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 533 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Monocyte-related markers as predictors of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy and immune-related adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for unresectable, locally advanced, HER2-negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma: learning from the past to shape future perspectives.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Polygenic risk score for ulcerative colitis predicts immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated colitis.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- A Large-Scale Meta-Analysis Reveals Positive Feedback between Macrophages and T Cells That Sensitizes Tumors to Immunotherapy.Cancer research · 2024Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy plus thymalfasin in locally advanced gastric cancer: a prospective clinical trial.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Dual targeting PD-L1 and 4-1BB to overcome dendritic cell-mediated lenalidomide resistance in follicular lymphoma.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A prognostic senescence-related long non-coding RNA signature identifies cold and hot tumors of stomach adenocarcinoma.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Innate Immune Cells in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Roles in Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Responses.Cancer innovation · 2026Review
- Investigating the repurposing potential of immune checkpoint inhibition for cancer treatment using Mendelian randomisation.Research square · 2026Article
- The role of FOXM1 in tumor immunology: implications for cancer treatment strategies.Human cell · 2026Review
- Smoking-associated modulation of gut microbiota shapes response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Innovative peptide-loaded hybrid membrane nanovaccine enables precise personalized immunotherapy for HPV-related cervical diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Dissecting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with blood proteomics-from surgical to immunotherapeutic responses.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- The evolving global landscape of first-in-class oncology drug innovation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A2AR as a key target for immune microenvironment remodeling in prostate cancer.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Differential NRF2 Methylation and PD-1 Expression in Normal Tissues of Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma across Sexes.The world journal of men's health · 2026Article
- Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome: a novel strategy for improving immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
278 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system is the core defense against cancer development and progression. Failure of the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Tumor cells evade immune recognition, in part, due to the immunosuppressive features of the tumor microenvironment. Immunotherapy augments the host immune system to generate an antitumor effect. Immune checkpoints are pathways with inhibitory or stimulatory features that maintain self-tolerance and assist with immune response. The most well-described checkpoints are inhibitory in nature and include the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Molecules that block these pathways to enhance the host immunologic activity against tumors have been developed and become standard of care in the treatment of many malignancies. Only a small percentage of patients have meaningful responses to these treatments, however. New pathways and molecules are being explored in an attempt to improve responses and application of immune checkpoint inhibition therapy. In this review, we aim to elucidate these novel immune inhibitory pathways, potential therapeutic molecules that are under development, and outline particular advantages and challenges with the use of each one of them.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.