ArticleBMC veterinary research2021
Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) virus isolated from domestic geese in Iraq, 2018.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research Progress on Avian Influenza Virus and Autophagy: A Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Emergence of novel highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in slender-billed gulls (Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Molecular characterization of a highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N4) virus isolated from domestic chickens in Iraq during the 2015 HPAI H5N1 outbreak.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Quantifying Time-Dependent Predictors for the International Spatial Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5NX: Focus on Trade and Surveillance Efforts.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Influenza A(H5N1) Subtype before and after the Emergence of H5N8.Viruses · 2021Article
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Abstract
backgroundInfluenza viruses are a continuous threat to avian and mammalian species, causing epidemics and pandemics. After the circulation of H5N1 in 2006, 2015, and 2016 in Iraq, an H5N8 influenza virus emerged in domestic geese in Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraq. This study analyzed the genetic characteristics of the Iraqi H5N8 viruses.
resultsAn HPAI virus subtype H5N8 was identified from domestic backyard geese in the Kurdistan Region, north Iraq. Phylogenic analyses of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes indicated that Iraq H5N8 viruses belonged to clade 2.3.4.4 group B and clustered with isolates from Iran, Israel, and Belgium. Genetic analysis of the HA gene indicated molecular markers for avian-type receptors. Characterization of the NA gene showed that the virus had sensitive molecular markers for antiviral drugs.
conclusionsThis is the first study ever on H5N8 in Iraq, and it is crucial to understand the epidemiology of the viruses in Iraq and the Middle East. The results suggest a possible role of migratory birds in the introduction of HPAI subtype H5N8 into Iraq.
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