Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33740941›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2021

Does the implementation of a national oral health policy reduce inequalities in oral health services utilization? The Brazilian experience.

Maria Helena Rodrigues Galvão, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Distribution of Dental Caries Among Brazilian Adolescents, 2003-2023.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2026
    Observational
  7. Article
  8. Individual and contextual factors associated with tooth loss among Brazilian older adults.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. SmilebrightMethods and protocols · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Factors associated with the use of dental services by older people in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Maria Helena Rodrigues GalvãoDepartment of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. mhrgalvao@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-1344-2863
Angelo Giuseppe RoncalliDepartment of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to assess the trend in income-related inequalities in oral health services utilization by the Brazilian population from 1998 to 2013. This period represents a timeline that includes different stages of implementation of the National Oral Health Policy.

methodsThe design was based on repeated cross-sectional surveys using secondary data from household-based studies carried out in Brazil in 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013. The dependent variable was "having access to a dentist appointment at least once in a lifetime (yes/no)." Monthly household per capita income, based on Brazil's minimum wage, was included as the main independent variable. To measure the inequalities in oral health access related to economic position, the following complex indexes based on regression were used: (a) the slope index of inequality (SII) and (b) the relative index of inequality (RII).

resultsThere was a reduction in the percentage of individuals who never had a dentist appointment for all age groups and income classifications. In general, there was a reduction trend in absolute inequality for all age groups (p < 0.001). The relative inequality and reduction trend were different between the age groups studied.

conclusionsThe National Oral Health Policy was very important for expanding free of charge, public access to dental appointment. However, despite policy implementation, there continues to be high levels of inequality in access to dental consultation. Assessing which strategies are necessary to overcome this challenge is discussed.

Indexed as

Health Status DisparitiesOral HealthBrazilCross-Sectional StudiesFacilities and Services UtilizationHealthcare DisparitiesHealth PolicyHumansIncomeSocioeconomic FactorsHealthcare disparitiesHealth policyOral health

Identifiers

PMID33740941
PMCPMC7980604

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.