Observational studyBMC urology2021
A prospective observational study of urinary cytokines and inflammatory response in patients with Overactive Bladder Syndrome.
Observational study in BMC urology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking urinary tract infections in women with abdominal pain in pregnancy: a prospective case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Evaluation of the prevalence of overactive bladder syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Urinary Cytokines in Predicting Intradetrusor Onabotulinumtoxin-A Response.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Article
- TRPA1 promotes overactive bladder progression by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and driving pyroptosis.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Association of systemic immune-inflammatory index with stress urinary incontinence in U.S. Adults: NHANES 2007-2016.PloS one · 2026Article
- Chop Deficiency Exacerbates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Overactive Bladder via Impaired Macrophage Apoptosis.Current medical science · 2025Article
- A Cross Sectional Study of Cytokines in Women with Refractory Detrusor Overactivity versus Controls.International urogynecology journal · 2025Article
- Pathophysiology of Overactive Bladder and Pharmacologic Treatments Including β3-Adrenoceptor Agonists -Basic Research Perspectives.International neurourology journal · 2024Article
- Impact of microbiota and host immunologic response on the efficacy of anticholinergic treatment for urgency urinary incontinence.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
- Effects of aging on urinary tract epithelial homeostasis and immunity.Developmental biology · 2023Review
- Lactoferrin: A glycoprotein that plays an active role in human health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Urinary Tract Infection in Overactive Bladder: An Update on Pathophysiological Mechanisms.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Urine Epidermal Growth Factor/Creatinine Ratio in Female Patients with Overactive Bladder and Recurrent Lower Urinary Tract Infection.Gynecology and minimally invasive therapyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundContemporary studies have discredited the methods used to exclude urinary tract infection (UTI) when treating overactive bladder (OAB). Thus we must revisit the OAB phenotype to check that UTI has not been overlooked.
aimsTo examine the differences in urinary cytokines IL6 and lactoferrin in OAB patients compared to controls, with references to microscopy of urine and enhanced quantitative urine culture.
methodsA blinded, prospective cohort study with normal controls using six repeated measures, achieved two-monthly, over 12 months.
resultsThe differences between patients and controls in urine IL6 (F = 49.0, p < .001) and lactoferrin (F = 228.5, p < .001) were significant and of a magnitude to have clinical implications. These differences were for lactoferrin correlated to symptoms (9.3, p = .003); for both to pyuria (IL6 F = 66.2, p < .001, Lactoferrin F = 73.9, p < .001); and for IL6 microbial abundance (F = 5.1, p = .024). The pathological markers had been missed by urinary dipsticks and routine MSU culture.
conclusionThe OAB phenotype may encompass patients with UTI that is being overlooked because of the failure of standard screening methods.
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