ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2021
A retrospective study on the combined biomarkers and ratios in serum and pleural fluid to distinguish the multiple types of pleural effusion.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host blood protein biomarkers to screen for tuberculosis disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- A Strong Correlation Between Pleural Fluid and Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels Across a Spectrum of Pleural Effusions.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Efficacy of C-Reactive Protein in Differentiating Various Causes of Exudative Pleural Effusion: Disease Research Should Not Be Exclusive to the Wealthy.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based Diagnostic model for determining the etiology of pleural effusion using Age, ADA and LDH.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Innovative Biomarkers for Diagnosing Malignant Ascites in Liver Cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- The diagnostic value and validation of IL-22 combimed with sCD40L in tuberculosis pleural effusion.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Performance verification of a biochemical detection system for hydrothorax and ascites and clinical diagnostic accuracy evaluation of exudate and tuberculous effusion.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Clinical significance of pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase/adenosine deaminase ratio in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Lactate Dehydrogenase/Adenosine Deaminase Ratio in Differentiating Tuberculous and Parapneumonic Effusions: A Systematic Review.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2024Article
- Biomarkers for distinguishing tuberculous pleural effusion from non-tuberculosis effusion: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- ADA as main biochemical marker in patients with tuberculous effusion.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2023Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase to adenosine deaminase ratio for tuberculous pleural effusion: an analysis of two cohorts.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of a Scoring System for Early Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Effusion Based on a Nomogram.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePleural effusion (PE) is a common clinical manifestation, and millions of people suffer from pleural disease. Herein, this retrospective study was performed to evaluate the biomarkers and ratios in serum and pleural fluid (PF) for the differential diagnosis of the multiple types of PE and search for a new diagnostic strategy for PE.
methodsIn-patients, who developed tuberculous PE (TPE), malignant PE (MPE), complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE), uncomplicated PPE (UPPE), or PE caused by connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and underwent thoracentesis at Peking University People's Hospital from November 2016 to April 2019, were included in this study. Eleven biomarkers and their ratios in serum and PF were investigated and compared between pairs of the different PE groups, and a decision-tree was developed.
resultsTotally 112 PE cases, including 25 MPE, 33 TPE, 19 CPPE, 27 UPPE, and 8 PE caused by CTDs, were reviewed. Biomarkers and ratios showed good diagnostic performance with high area under the curve values, sensitivities, and specificities for the differential diagnosis of the multiple types of PE. According to the decision-tree analysis, the combination of adenosine deaminase (ADA), serum albumin, serum lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, PF-LDH/ADA, and PF-LDH/TP provided the best predictive capacity with an overall accuracy of 84.8%; the sensitivity and specificity for TPE diagnosis were 100% and 98.7%, respectively.
conclusionThe biomarkers and ratios showed good diagnostic performance, and a decision-tree with an overall accuracy of 84.8% was developed to differentiate the five types of PE in clinical settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.