ArticleEnvironment international2021
Associations of gestational phthalate exposure and non-nutritive suck among infants from the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) birth cohort study.
Article in Environment international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining the association between gestational phenol exposure and infant non-nutritive suck in two Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes cohorts.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Non-Nutritive Suck Parameters Measurements Using a Custom Pressure Transducer System.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2024Article
- Impact of intrapartum oxytocin administration on neonatal sucking behavior and breastfeeding.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- An examination of the association between infant non-nutritive suck and developmental outcomes at 12 months.PloS one · 2024Article
- Spectral features of non-nutritive suck dynamics in extremely preterm infants.Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China) · 2023Article
- Examining the association between prenatal maternal stress and infant non-nutritive suck.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Article
- Medical devices as a source of phthalate exposure: a review of current knowledge and alternative solutions.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2022Review
- Associations between biomarkers of prenatal metals exposure and non-nutritive suck among infants from the PROTECT birth cohort in Puerto Rico.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfant non-nutritive suck (NNS), or sucking on a pacifier with no nutrients being delivered, has been used as in index of brain function and has been linked to subsequent neurodevelopment. Yet, no data are available connecting NNS to environmental exposures in utero. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between gestational exposure to phthalates (a group of chemicals found in personal care products, PVC plastics, and other products) and NNS among infants in a birth cohort study in Puerto Rico.
methodsUrinary phthalate metabolite levels were measured in women at up to three time points in pregnancy as a measure of in utero exposure to the child. We calculated the geometric mean of each metabolite for each woman as a measure of exposure across gestation. Infants had their NNS sampled using our custom research pacifier between 4-6 (± 2 weeks) weeks of age, yielding the following NNS dependent measures: cycles/burst, frequency, amplitude, bursts/min, and cycles/min.
resultsTwo hundred and eight mother-infant dyads completed this study We used multiple linear regression to assess associations between individual phthalate metabolites and NNS measurements, adjusting for infant sex, birthweight, and urinary specific gravity. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in mono carboxyisononyl phthalate across pregnancy was associated with 3.5% (95%CI: -6.2, -0.8%) lower NNS frequency and 8.9% (0.6, 17.3%) higher NNS amplitude. Similarly, an IQR increase in mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate was also associated with 3.4% (-6.5, -0.2%) lower NNS frequency, while an IQR increase in di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate metabolites was associated with 11.2% (2.9, 19.5%) higher NNS amplitude. Gestational exposure to phthalates may alter NNS amplitude and frequency in full-term infants. These findings indicate that the infants may be increasing their NNS amplitude to compensate for their slower NNS frequency. These preliminary findings could have important clinical implications for earlier detection of exposure-related deficits in neurofunction as well as implications for subsequent neurodevelopment and related interventions.
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