Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33740045›Full record

ArticleMutagenesis2021

Mlh1 heterozygosity and promoter methylation associates with microsatellite instability in mouse sperm.

Kul S Shrestha, Minna M Tuominen, Liisa Kauppi

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Mutagenesis, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Double jeopardy: howFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Perspective in the Mechanisms for Repairing Sperm DNA Damage.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kul S ShresthaSystems Oncology (ONCOSYS) Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 (PO Box 63), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-4379-4093
Minna M TuominenSystems Oncology (ONCOSYS) Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 (PO Box 63), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Liisa KauppiSystems Oncology (ONCOSYS) Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 (PO Box 63), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-6759-8997
University of Helsinki · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins play an important role in maintaining genome stability, both in somatic and in germline cells. Loss of MLH1, a central MMR protein, leads to infertility and to microsatellite instability (MSI) in spermatocytes, however, the effect of Mlh1 heterozygosity on germline genome stability remains unexplored. To test the effect of Mlh1 heterozygosity on MSI in mature sperm, we combined mouse genetics with single-molecule PCR that detects allelic changes at unstable microsatellites. We discovered 4.5% and 5.9% MSI in sperm of 4- and 12-month-old Mlh1+/- mice, respectively, and that Mlh1 promoter methylation in Mlh1+/- sperm correlated with higher MSI. No such elevated MSI was seen in non-proliferating somatic cells. Additionally, we show contrasting dynamics of deletions versus insertions at unstable microsatellites (mononucleotide repeats) in sperm.

Indexed as

DNA MethylationMicrosatellite InstabilityMicrosatellite RepeatsPromoter Regions, GeneticAnimalsFemaleHeterozygoteMaleMiceMutL Protein Homolog 1SpermatozoaMlh1 protein, mouseMutL Protein Homolog 1

Identifiers

PMID33740045
PMCPMC8262379
OpenAlexW3137172062

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.