ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2021
Efficacy of a coxsackievirus A6 vaccine candidate in an actively immunized mouse model.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances on coxsackievirus A6 vaccine research.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Screening of a potential coxsackievirus B4 vaccine strain through analysis of biological features.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A New Inactivated Coxsackievirus B2 Vaccine: Biological Properties, Immunogenicity, and Protective Effects in Mice.Vaccines · 2026Article
- A conserved VP1-286 epitope governs neutralization and immune escape in Coxsackievirus A6.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A lethal juvenile mouse model for the evaluation of antiviral reagents against coxsackievirus A4.iScience · 2025Article
- A single amino acid mutation in VP1 of coxsackievirus A6 determining efficiency of VP0 cleavage and proliferation.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Establishment and application of a wild neonatal mouse model infected with an Echovirus 30 isolate.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Coxsackievirus A6 U.K. Genetic and Clinical Epidemiology Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Emergence.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Analysis of miRNAs involved in mouse brain injury upon Coxsackievirus A6 infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Humoral and cellular immunogenicity and efficacy of a coxsackievirus A10 vaccine in mice.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Identification of specific and shared epitopes at the extreme N-terminal VP1 of Coxsackievirus A4, A2 and A5 by monoclonal antibodies.Virus research · 2023Article
- Current status of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
- Coxsackievirus A6 Infection Causes Neurogenic Pathogenesis in a Neonatal Murine Model.Viruses · 2023Article
- Screening of a new candidate coxsackievirus B1 vaccine strain based on its biological characteristics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- A mouse-adapted CVA6 strain exhibits neurotropism and triggers systemic manifestations in a novel murine model.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Coxsackievirus A6 was the most common enterovirus serotype causing hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shiyan City, central China.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
- A review of enterovirus-associated hand-foot and mouth disease: preventive strategies and the need for a global enterovirus surveillance network.Pathogens and global healthReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) has been emerging as a major pathogen of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Study on the pathogenesis of CV-A6 infection and development of vaccines is hindered by a lack of appropriate animal models. Here, we report an actively immunized-challenged mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of a Vero-cell-based, inactivated CV-A6 vaccine candidate. The neonatal Kunming mice were inoculated with a purified, formaldehyde-inactivated CV-A6 vaccine on days 3 and 9, followed by challenging on day 14 with a naturally selected virulent strain at a lethal dose. Within 14 days postchallenge, all mice in the immunized groups survived, while 100% of the Alum-only inoculated mice died. Neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) were detected in the serum of immunized suckling mice, and the NtAb levels correlated with the survival rate of the challenged mice. The virus loads in organs were reduced, and pathological changes and viral protein expression were weak in the immunized mice compared with those in Alum-only inoculated control mice. Elevated levels of interleukin-4, 6, interferon γ and tumour necrosis factor α were also observed in Alum-only control mice compared with immunized mice. Importantly, the virulent CV-A6 challenge strain was selected quickly and conveniently from a RD cell virus stock characterized with the natural multi-genotypes. The virulent determinants were mapped to V124M and I242 V at VP1. Together, our results indicated that this actively immunized mouse model is invaluable for future studies to develop multivalent vaccines containing the major component of CV-A6 against HFMD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.