ArticleStress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress2021
Tip of the iceberg: Measuring racial discrimination in studies of health.
Article in Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Examining Racial Discrimination Index and Black-Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) in South Carolina: A Real-Time Social Media Research.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The relationship between racial discrimination and white matter among Black older adults.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic socioenvironmental inequity and neuroimaging in psychiatry: a brief review of the past and recommendations for the future.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- The community food environment as an effect modifier of the relationship between racial discrimination and food insecurity among adults in Southern Brazil.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Education, Income, Wealth, and Discrimination in Black-White Allostatic Load Disparities.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Direct and indirect associations of experience of racial discrimination, dietary patterns and obesity in adults from southern Brazil.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- The cost of doubt: assessing the association between attributional ambiguity and mental health.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Disentangling Socioeconomic Status and Race in Infant Brain, Birth Weight, and Gestational Age at Birth: A Neural Network Analysis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Patterns and Life Course Determinants of Black-White Disparities in Biological Age Acceleration: A Decomposition Analysis.Demography · 2023Article
- Racial Discrimination and Romantic Relationship Dynamics among Black Americans: A Systematic Review.Journal of family theory & review · 2023Article
- Capturing the dynamic nature of stress exposure in the Pittsburgh Girls Study.SSM - population health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that racial discrimination is a risk factor for illness and disease. But what are health scientists measuring-and what do they think they are measuring-when they include measures of racial discrimination in health research? We synthesize theoretical conceptualizations of racial discrimination in health research and critically assess whether and how these concepts correspond (or not) to widely used measures of racial discrimination. In doing so, we show that while researchers often use terms such as 'self-reported discrimination', 'perceptions of discrimination', and 'exposure to discrimination' interchangeably, these concepts are indeed unique, with each holding a distinct epistemological position and theoretical and methodological capacity to uncover the impact of racial discrimination on health and health disparities. Importantly, we argue that commonly used measures of self-reported or perceived racial discrimination are just the 'tip of the iceberg' in terms of revealing the ways in which discrimination shapes health inequities. Scientists and practitioners must be cognizant of and intentional in their measurement choices and language, as the framing of these processes will inform policy and intervention efforts aimed at eliminating discrimination.
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