ArticleACR open rheumatology2021
Beta-2-Glycoprotein-I Deficiency Could Precipitate an Antiphospholipid Syndrome-like Prothrombotic Situation in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Article in ACR open rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies as potential prognostic factors for clinical outcomes related to COVID-19: a systematic review of inception prospective cohort studies with GRADE recommendations.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025Pooled it
- Antiphospholipid antibody-related hepatic vasculitis in a juvenile after non-severe COVID-19: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in COVID-19 Patients: Culprits or Bystanders?Current rheumatology reports · 2021Pooled it
- IgA anti-β2-glycoprotein I as an independent risk factor in acute venous thromboembolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The New Occurrence of Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Severe COVID-19 Cases with Pneumonia and Vascular Thrombosis Could Explain the Post-COVID Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Exploring Biomarkers to Predict Thrombogenic Risk in Pregnancy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- HDL proteome and apolipoproteins concentrations in severe ICU COVID-19 patients.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- IgA Anti-β2-Glycoprotein I Antibodies as Markers of Thrombosis and Severity in COVID-19 Patients.Viruses · 2024Article
- Immune dysregulation is an important factor in the underlying complications in Influenza infection. ApoH, IL-8 and IL-15 as markers of prognosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Observational
- Autoantibodies in COVID-19: implications for disease severity and clinical outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies in Japanese COVID-19: based on propensity score matching.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Outcomes associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in COVID-19: A prospective cohort study.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and the antiphospholipid syndrome.Autoimmunity reviews · 2022Review
- The mosaic of autoimmunity - Finally discussing in person. The 13Autoimmunity reviews · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and antiphospholipid antibodies.Best practice & research. Clinical haematology · 2022Review
- Effective Natural Killer Cell Degranulation Is an Essential Key in COVID-19 Evolution.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Observational
- Is the Endothelium the Missing Link in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of COVID-19 Complications?Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2022Review
- Antigens and Antibodies of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome as New Allies in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Coagulopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- An Early Th1 Response Is a Key Factor for a Favorable COVID-19 Evolution.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Persistent Antiphospholipid Antibodies Are Not Associated With Worse Clinical Outcomes in a Prospective Cohort of Hospitalised Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present coagulation abnormalities and thromboembolic events that resemble antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). This work has aimed to study the prevalence of APS-related antigens, antibodies, and immune complexes in patients with COVID-19 and their association with clinical events.
methodsA prospective study was conducted on 474 adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection hospitalized in two Spanish university hospitals. Patients were evaluated for classic and extra-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), immunoglobulin G (IgG)/immunoglobulin M (IgM) anticardiolipin, IgG/IgM/immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-β2-glicoprotein-I (aβ2GPI), IgG/IgM antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT), the immune complex of IgA aβ2GPI (IgA-aβ2GPI), bounded to β2-glicoprotein-1 (β2GPI) and β2GPI levels soon after COVID-19 diagnosis and were followed-up until medical discharge or death.
resultsPrevalence of aPLs in patients with COVID-19 was as follows: classic aPLs, 5.8%; aPS/PT, 4.6%; IgA-aβ2GPI, 15%; and any aPL, 21%. When patients were compared with individuals of a control group of a similar age, the only significant difference found was the higher prevalence of IgA-aβ2GPI (odds ratio: 2.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.16-4.09). No significant differences were observed in survival, thrombosis, or ventilatory failure in aPL-positive versus aPL-negative patients. β2GPI median levels were much lower in patients with COVID-19 (15.9 mg/l) than in blood donors (168.8 mg/l; P < 0.001). Only 3.5% of patients with COVID-19 had normal levels of β2GPI (>85 mg/l). Low levels of β2GPI were significantly associated with ventilatory failure (P = 0.026).
conclusionβ2GPI levels were much lower in patients with COVID-19 than in healthy people. Low β2GPI-levels were associated with ventilatory failure. No differences were observed in the COVID-19 evolution between aPL-positive and aPL-negative patients. Functional β2GPI deficiency could trigger a clinical process similar to that seen in APS but in the absence of aPLs.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.