Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33738620›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2021

Clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 by re-infection vs. reactivation: a case series from Iran.

Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri, Tahmineh Jalali, Behrokh Farahmand, Fatemeh Fotouhi, Mohammad Banifazl, Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali, Mona Sadat Larijani, Neda Afzali, Amitis Ramezani

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.Global health research and policy · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Mostafa Salehi-VaziriCOVID-19 National Reference Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Tahmineh JalaliCOVID-19 National Reference Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Behrokh FarahmandDepartment of influenza and other respiratory viruses, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Fatemeh FotouhiDepartment of influenza and other respiratory viruses, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad BanifazlIranian Society for Support of Patients with Infectious Disease, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Hassan PouriayevaliCOVID-19 National Reference Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Mona Sadat LarijaniClinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran.
Neda AfzaliRapid Reaction Force, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Amitis RamezaniClinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran. amitisramezani@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-8524
Pasteur Institute of Iran · IRIranian Center for Quantum Technologies · IR

Funding

Pasteur Institute of Iran 1158
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

COVID-19 immunity in infected individuals may not be persistent. The specific response wanes in patients who have recovered from this infection. Nevertheless, it has not been fully understood whether true re-infection occurs or the viral reactivation. In this study, we investigated three COVID-19 patients who represented the symptoms after recovery. Chest CT scan was applied to assess the patients along with the viral samples from oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal which were subjected to RT-PCR. The viral genome sequencing was applied where possible to distinguish possible re-infection or latent reactivation. Moreover, COVID-19-specific antibodies available data were evaluated in each incidence. The second episode of SARS-CoV-2 infection was different among the investigated subjects who experienced an interval between positive PCR tests ranged between 63 and 156 days. The disease presentation was less or more severe in the second infection. All cases were found IgG positive in the re-infection phase. The sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 sample obtained from two cases revealed a D614G mutation of S gene from the second isolated sample strengthens the case for the re-infection. The possibility of re-infection and reactivation could have significant effect on clinical implications and also vaccination. Our data supports clear warning of SARS-CoV-2 continuous circulation potency among the populations in spite of herd immunity either with natural infection or vaccination. This issue is critical in term of the patients, clinical investigate, and viral transmission.

Indexed as

Virus ActivationAdultAntibodies, ViralBase SequenceCOVID-19FemaleGenome, ViralHumansImmunoglobulin GIranMaleMiddle AgedReinfectionSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin GSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2COVID-19ReactivationRe-infectionSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33738620
PMCPMC7972329
OpenAlexW3135961198

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.