ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2021
Sport- and Gender-Based Differences in Head Impact Exposure and Mechanism in High School Sports.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex, but not exposure-related variables, predicts baseline serum glial fibrillar acidic protein and neurofilament light levels in contact sport athletes.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring Sex-Based Variations in Head Kinematics During Soccer Heading.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Effects of repetitive head impacts from a single season on the cognitive functioning of youth male soccer players.PloS one · 2025Article
- Head Impact Kinematics and Brain Tissue Strains in High School Lacrosse.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Head Kinematics, Blood Biomarkers, and Histology in Large Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock.Journal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- Are Sex Differences in Collegiate and High School Sports-Related Concussion Reflected in the Guidelines? A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Quantitative Analysis of Ball-Head Impact Exposure in Youth Soccer Players.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2023Review
- Machine-learning-based head impact subtyping based on the spectral densities of the measurable head kinematics.Journal of sport and health science · 2023Article
- EFFECT OF FILTERING KINEMATICS ON FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS OF HEAD IMPACTS IN HIGH SCHOOL FEMALE LACROSSE.Biomedical sciences instrumentation · 2023Article
- On-Field Deployment and Validation for Wearable Devices.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2022Review
- QUANTIFYING HEAD IMPACT EXPOSURE, MECHANISMS AND KINEMATICS USING INSTRUMENTED MOUTHGUARDS IN MALE HIGH SCHOOL LACROSSE.Biomedical sciences instrumentation · 2022Article
- Age-Related Trajectories of Brain Structure-Function Coupling in Female Roller Derby Athletes.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- NON-HEADER IMPACT EXPOSURE AND KINEMATICS OF MALE YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS.Biomedical sciences instrumentation · 2021Article
- Quantifying head impact exposure, mechanisms and kinematics using instrumented mouthguards in female high school lacrosse.Research in sports medicine (Print)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRepeated head impacts sustained by athletes have been linked to short-term neurophysiologic deficits; thus, there is growing concern about the number of head impacts sustained in sports. Accurate head impact exposure data obtained via head impact sensors may help identify appropriate strategies across sports and between genders to mitigate repetitive head impacts. PURPOSE: To quantify sport- and gender-based differences in head impact rate and mechanism for adolescents. STUDY
designCohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
methodsHigh school female and male varsity soccer, basketball, lacrosse, and field hockey (female only) teams were instrumented with headband-mounted impact sensors during games over 2 seasons of soccer and 1 season of basketball, lacrosse, and field hockey. Video review was used to remove false-positive sensor-recorded events, and the head impact rate per athlete-exposure (AE) was calculated. Impact mechanism was categorized as equipment to head, fall, player to head, or head to ball (soccer only).
resultsMale players had significantly higher head impact rates as compared with female players in soccer (3.08 vs 1.41 impacts/AE; rate ratio, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.8-2.6]), basketball (0.90 vs 0.25; 3.6 [2.6-4.6]), and lacrosse (0.83 vs 0.06; 12.9 [10.1-15.8]). Impact mechanism distributions were similar within sports between boys and girls. In soccer, head to ball represented 78% of impacts, whereas at least 88% in basketball were player-to-player contact.
conclusionAcross sports for boys and girls, soccer had the highest impact rate. Male high school soccer, basketball, and lacrosse teams had significantly higher head impact rates than did female teams of the same sport. For girls, basketball had a higher head impact rate than did lacrosse and field hockey, and for boys, basketball had a similar impact rate to lacrosse, a collision sport. Sport differences in the distribution of impact mechanisms create sport-specific targets for reducing head impact exposure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.