ReviewEuropean cardiology2021
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Review in European cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05453214 (Safety and Efficacy of Fludrocortisone Addition to Dexamethasone in the Management of Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Efficacy of Fludrocortisone Addition to Dexamethasone in the Management of Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of NSAID use among people with COVID-19 and the association with COVID-19-related outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Trial
- Mechanisms and impact of long COVID: pathophysiology, neuropsychiatric effects and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Biochemical and Hematological Predictors of Mortality in Thai Patients with COVID-19.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Translating animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection to vascular, neurological and gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Molecular analysis of long COVID and new-onset diabetes mellitus: pathobiological relationships and current mechanistic views.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular damage and comorbidities related to long COVID: pathomechanisms, prevention, and therapy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Incident obstructive sleep apnea in patients with primary aldosteronism following COVID-19 infection: a health global federated network analysis.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2025Article
- Epidemiological topology data analysis links severe COVID-19 to RAAS and hyperlipidemia associated metabolic syndrome conditions.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Chromosome-Y haplogroups in Asturias (Northern Spain) and their association with severe COVID-19.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2024Article
- Evaluating NSAIDs in SARS-CoV-2: Immunomodulatory mechanisms and future therapeutic strategies.Heliyon · 2024Review
- The Intriguing Connection between Cholestasis and the Renin-Angiotensin System Dysregulation Induced by SARS-CoV-2 and/or the Vaccinal Spike Protein.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Renin-Angiotensin System Components and Arachidonic Acid Metabolites as Biomarkers of COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- COVID-19 associated thyroid dysfunction and other comorbidities and its management using phytochemical-based therapeutics: a natural way.Bioscience reports · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and its effects on the endocrine system.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2023Review
- Age-dependent effect of the IFIH1/MDA5 gene variants on the risk of critical COVID-19.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
- Primary Aldosteronism and COVID-19-related Management, Disease Severity, and Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Cardiac Involvement Due to COVID-19: Insights from Imaging and Histopathology.European cardiology · 2023Review
- The COVID-19 pandemic - what have urologists learned?Nature reviews. Urology · 2022Review
- The Pathophysiology of Long COVID throughout the Renin-Angiotensin System.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system (RAAS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and the host's expression of this membrane-bound protein could affect susceptibility to infection. The RAAS is an important regulator of cardiovascular physiology and ACE2 has an essential role. People with hypertension and other traits have shown to have an imbalance in ACE/ACE2 levels and reduced levels of ACE2 could enhance the risk of adverse outcome in patients with COVID-19. It has been hypothesised that the RAAS may mediate the interplay between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 severity. Evidence shows that antihypertensive drugs that target the RAAS have no significant effect on the risk of infection and disease outcome. Variations in RAAS genes have been associated with the risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease and could partly explain the heterogenous response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article explores the interplay between the RAAS and COVID-19, with emphasis on the possible relationship between genetic variations and disease severity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.