ReviewClinical Medicine Insights. Oncology2021
The Synergistic Effect of PARP Inhibitors and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Review in Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of PARPis combined with an ICIs for advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a single-arm meta-analysis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Pooled it
- Olaparib, durvalumab, and cyclophosphamide, and a prognostic blood signature in platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: the randomized phase 2 SOLACE2 trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Nivolumab plus rucaparib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: results from the phase 2 CheckMate 9KD trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Trial
- Breast cancer immunogenicity as a spectrum: evolving concepts and therapeutic implications.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Decoding PARP roles in breast cancer therapy resistance.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Striking the right balance with type I interferon signalling in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Limited Clinical Benefit of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer with Opportunities in Selected Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Can whole genome data analysis be used to personalize breast cancer care?Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Triple M Syndrome Associated With Concurrent Durvalumab and Olaparib Therapy in Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2026Article
- Homologous recombination deficiency correlates with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and predicts patient outcomes in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Article
- Next Generation DNA Damage Response Inhibitors: Harnessing Nanocarriers and Tumor Microenvironment for Precision Cancer Therapy.Oncology research · 2026Review
- (E)-Labda dial-Loaded Nanoparticles for Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Current drug targets · 2026Article
- Review
- lncRNA RP11-199F11.2 promotes high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell proliferation by regulating cuproptosis through FDX1.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Therapeutic targeting of post-translational modifications in ovarian cancer: mechanisms and clinical applications.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Review
- Phase 3 clinical trials evaluating poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition plus immunotherapy for first-line treatment of advanced ovarian cancer.The oncologist · 2025Review
- PARP Inhibitors in the Neoadjuvant Setting; A Comprehensive Overview of the Rationale for their Use, Past and Ongoing Clinical Trials.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Role of Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Cancer treatment and research · 2025Review
- Parthanatos and apoptosis: unraveling their roles in cancer cell death and therapy resistance.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have demonstrated great promise for treating cancers with homologous recombination (HR) defects, such as germline BRCA1/2 mutation. Further studies suggest that PARP inhibitors (PARPi) can also exhibit efficacy in HR-competent cancers, by amplifying the DNA damage and inducing immunogenic cell death, and PARPi lead to increasing tumor neoantigen, upregulation of interferons and PD-L1, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment, which may facilitate a more profound antitumor immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 have achieved impressive success in the treatment of different malignancies. However, only a subset of populations derive clinical benefit, and the biomarkers and resistance mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, given that PARPi could potentiate the therapeutic effect of ICIs, PARPi combined with ICIs are becoming an alternative for patients who cannot benefit from ICI monotherapy. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms and immune role of PARPi and discuss the rationale and clinical studies of this combined regimen.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.