Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33737767›Full record

ArticleReading and writing2021

Beginning to Read in Vietnamese: Kindergarten Precursors to First Grade Fluency and Reading Comprehension.

Giang Pham, Catherine E Snow

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Reading and writing, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Optimizing a Vietnamese Sentence Repetition Task Using Item Response Theory.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2025
    Article
  2. A Narrative Approach to Synthesizing Research on Vietnamese Bilingual and Monolingual Children.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2023
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Combining Nonword and Sentence Repetition to Identify Developmental Language Disorder.International journal of language & communication disorders
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Giang PhamSan Diego State University.
Catherine E SnowHarvard University.

Funding

Language-Literacy Growth in Vietnamese Children with and without Language ImpairmentK23DC014750 · NIDCD · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI PHAM, GIANG THUY · 2016 to 2020
$694k
NIDCD NIH HHS K23 DC014750
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Measures of decoding and oral language have been shown to predict early reading comprehension across a wide variety of languages, though the timeframe and strength of the predictions vary by orthographic depth. This study is the first to examine predictors of early reading in Vietnamese, a transparent orthography of Romanized letters and diacritics. Eighty-two children in Hanoi, Vietnam, completed measures of decoding and oral language in kindergarten (phonological awareness, PA; rapid automatized naming, RAN; receptive and expressive vocabulary) and measures of decoding and reading comprehension in first grade. Average performance at the end of first grade, after just one year of formal instruction, was near ceiling on word reading but more variable on nonword and text reading. Kindergarten PA and RAN (but not vocabulary) predicted first-grade decoding after controlling for maternal education and kindergarten decoding, and PA was a stronger predictor than RAN (10% vs 4% of unique variance). The best predictors of first grade reading comprehension were first-grade decoding (47% of unique variance) and kindergarten expressive vocabulary (4% of unique variance) after controlling for maternal education. Overall, Vietnamese children became accurate and efficient decoders after one year of instruction. Findings from RAN and PA suggest their utility in guiding differentiated instruction on decoding. Kindergarten vocabulary, which differed as a function of maternal education, significantly predicted first-grade comprehension.

Indexed as

early readingphonological awarenessrapid automatized namingreading acquisitionreading comprehensionreading developmentreading fluencytransparent orthography

Identifiers

PMID33737767
PMCPMC7963025

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.