ArticleScientific reports2021
Molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- A large number of variants ofPeerJ · 2026Article
- Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum as etiologic agent of human infections worldwide: a review of case reports within the last 40 years (1983-2023).Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Review
- Re-emergence of Diphtheria in Guinea: An Outbreak Analysis of Vaccination and Disease Control Perspectives.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Eleven-Year Report of High Number of Diphtheria Cases in Children in East Java Province, Indonesia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Assessing the impact of booster vaccination on diphtheria transmission: Mathematical modeling and risk zone mapping.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2024Article
- Genomic characterization of cocirculatingMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- A multiomic approach to defining the essential genome of the globally important pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Lateral flow immunoassay-based laboratory algorithm for rapid diagnosis of diphtheria.Open research Europe · 2023Article
- Multidrug-resistant toxigenicMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Interactions between the Re-Emerging PathogenInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Draft Genome Sequences of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Clinical Isolates from Colombia.Microbiology resource announcements · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2016, Venezuela faced a large diphtheria outbreak that extended until 2019. Nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal samples were prospectively collected from 51 suspected cases and retrospective data from 348 clinical records was retrieved from 14 hospitals between November 2017 and November 2018. Confirmed pathogenic Corynebactrium isolates were biotyped. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was performed followed by next-generation-based core genome-MLST and minimum spanning trees were generated. Subjects between 10 and 19 years of age were mostly affected (n = 95; 27.3%). Case fatality rates (CFR) were higher in males (19.4%), as compared to females (15.8%). The highest CFR (31.1%) was observed among those under 5, followed by the 40 to 49 age-group (25.0%). Nine samples corresponded to C. diphtheriae and 1 to C. ulcerans. Two Sequencing Types (ST), ST174 and ST697 (the latter not previously described) were identified among the eight C. diphtheriae isolates from Carabobo state. Cg-MLST revealed only one cluster also from Carabobo. The Whole Genome Sequencing analysis revealed that the outbreak seemed to be caused by different strains with C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans coexisting. The reemergence and length of this outbreak suggest vaccination coverage problems and an inadequate control strategy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.