Observational studyScientific reports2021
Lack of association of baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with disease severity and mortality in Indian patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation Post COVID-19 Infection and Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamins C and D and COVID-19 Susceptibility, Severity and Progression: An Evidence Based Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of vitamin D supplementation on mortality and intensive care unit admission of COVID-19 patients. A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical significance of micronutrient supplements in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin D and SARS-CoV2 infection, severity and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin D Status and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of vitamin D supplementation on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia patients: a single-center randomized controlled trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Trial
- Effect of a Single High-Dose Vitamin D3 on the Length of Hospital Stay of Severely 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-Deficient Patients with COVID-19.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)Trial
- Associations of vitamin D with lipid metabolism, inflammation, and mortality vary by glycemic status and gender: a nationwide prospective study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Vitamin D-A prominent immunomodulator to prevent COVID-19 infection.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2023Review
- Association between 25-OH Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19 Severity in Pregnant Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Endocrine Aspects of ICU-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Vitamin D and COVID-19-Revisited.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
- Vitamin D Status and Mortality from SARS CoV-2: A Prospective Study of Unvaccinated Caucasian Adults.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Abnormal blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D in critically ill patients: prevalence, predictors, and its association with in-hospital mortality.European journal of medical research · 2022Article
- Calcifediol for Use in Treatment of Respiratory Disease.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Influence of exercise and vitamin D on the immune system against Covid-19: an integrative review of current literature.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) owing to its immunomodulatory effects is believed to influence outcomes in COVID-19. We conducted a prospective, observational study of patients, hospitalized with COVID-19. Serum 25-OHD level < 20 ng/mL was considered VDD. Patients were classified as having mild and severe disease on basis of the WHO ordinal scale for clinical improvement (OSCI). Of the 410 patients recruited, patients with VDD (197,48.2%) were significantly younger and had lesser comorbidities. The levels of PTH were significantly higher in the VDD group (63.5 ± 54.4 vs. 47.5 ± 42.9 pg/mL). The proportion of severe cases (13.2% vs.14.6%), mortality (2% vs. 5.2%), oxygen requirement (34.5% vs.43.4%), ICU admission (14.7% vs.19.8%) was not significantly different between patients with or without VDD. There was no significant correlation between serum 25-OHD levels and inflammatory markers studied. Serum parathormone levels correlated with D-dimer (r 0.117, p- 0.019), ferritin (r 0.132, p-0.010), and LDH (r 0.124, p-0.018). Amongst VDD patients, 128(64.9%) were treated with oral cholecalciferol (median dose of 60,000 IU). The proportion of severe cases, oxygen, or ICU admission was not significantly different in the treated vs. untreated group. In conclusion, serum 25-OHD levels at admission did not correlate with inflammatory markers, clinical outcomes, or mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Treatment of VDD with cholecalciferol did not make any difference to the outcomes.
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Registered trials
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