ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2021
Association between living with children and outcomes from covid-19: OpenSAFELY cohort study of 12 million adults in England.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Usefulness of linked data for infectious disease events: a systematic review.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Pooled it
- Association between parenthood and survival among 30,386 patients hospitalized with COVID-19.PloS one · 2026Article
- Exploring influenza vaccination determinants through digital participatory surveillance.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Estimating households and populations from primary care electronic health records: comparison with Office for National Statistics Census 2021 aggregated estimates.International journal of population data science · 2025Article
- Reduced seasonal coronavirus incidence in high-risk population groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in risk perceptions and precautionary actions against COVID-19 among the working age population aged 18-59 in Japan: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in the adult population of Belgium: a general population cohort study between March 2021 and April 2022.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among children 6-11 years against hospitalization during Omicron predominance in Malaysia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Impact of household decision makers' hesitancy to vaccinate children against COVID-19 on other household members: A family-based study in Taizhou, China.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Rotation-based schedules in elementary schools to prevent COVID-19 spread: a simulation study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Households With Children in France, 2020-2022.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Article
- Bias assessment of a test-negative design study of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness used in national policymaking.Nature communications · 2023Article
- In-person schooling is essential even during periods of high transmission of COVID-19.BMJ evidence-based medicine · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and determinants for salivary seropositivity among pupils and school staff: a prospective cohort study.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Intergenerational coresidence and the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States.Economics and human biology · 2023Article
- Health inequity in pandemic anxiety about COVID-19 infection and socioeconomic consequences in Japan: A structural equation modeling approach.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Close encounters during a pandemic: Social habits and inter-generational links in the first two waves of COVID-19.Economics and human biology · 2022Article
- Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in University Students: A Case-Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Differential impact of quarantine policies for recovered COVID-19 cases in England: a case cohort study of surveillance data, June to December 2020.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
35 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate whether risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) differed between adults living with and without children during the first two waves of the UK pandemic.
designPopulation based cohort study, on behalf of NHS England.
settingPrimary care data and pseudonymously linked hospital and intensive care admissions and death records from England, during wave 1 (1 February to 31 August 2020) and wave 2 (1 September to 18 December 2020).
participantsTwo cohorts of adults (18 years and over) registered at a general practice on 1 February 2020 and 1 September 2020.
main outcome measuresAdjusted hazard ratios for SARS-CoV-2 infection, covid-19 related admission to hospital or intensive care, or death from covid-19, by presence of children in the household.
resultsAmong 9 334 392adults aged 65 years and under, during wave 1, living with children was not associated with materially increased risks of recorded SARS-CoV-2 infection, covid-19 related hospital or intensive care admission, or death from covid-19. In wave 2, among adults aged 65 years and under, living with children of any age was associated with an increased risk of recorded SARS-CoV-2 infection (hazard ratio 1.06 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.08) for living with children aged 0-11 years; 1.22 (1.20 to 1.24) for living with children aged 12-18 years) and covid-19 related hospital admission (1.18 (1.06 to 1.31) for living with children aged 0-11; 1.26 (1.12 to 1.40) for living with children aged 12-18). Living with children aged 0-11 was associated with reduced risk of death from both covid-19 and non-covid-19 causes in both waves; living with children of any age was also associated with lower risk of dying from non-covid-19 causes. For adults 65 years and under during wave 2, living with children aged 0-11 years was associated with an increased absolute risk of having SARS-CoV-2 infection recorded of 40-60 per 10 000 people, from 810 to between 850 and 870, and an increase in the number of hospital admissions of 1-5 per 10 000 people, from 160 to between 161 and 165. Living with children aged 12-18 years was associated with an increase of 160-190 per 10 000 in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and an increase of 2-6 per 10 000 in the number of hospital admissions.
conclusionsIn contrast to wave 1, evidence existed of increased risk of reported SARS-CoV-2 infection and covid-19 outcomes among adults living with children during wave 2. However, this did not translate into a materially increased risk of covid-19 mortality, and absolute increases in risk were small.
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