ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2021
Concentrations of Cotinine and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol (NNAL) in U.S. Non-Daily Cigarette Smokers.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Among People Who Vape, Smoke, or do Neither: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Pooled it
- Biomarkers of Nicotine and Tobacco Carcinogen Exposure in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Black Adults Receiving a Brief Smoking Reduction Intervention.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Trial
- Effects of unventilated versus ventilated filtered cigarettes on smoking behaviour and biomarkers of smoke exposure in a randomised clinical trial.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Smoking exposure and cervical cancer risk: Integrating observational and genetic evidence.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Observational
- Tobacco Biomarkers by Latino Heritage and Race, US, 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Low-intensity daily smoking and mortality risk among Mexican women.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Trends in NHANES Biomonitored Exposures in California and the United States following Enactment of California's Proposition 65.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Assessing tobacco use in Swedish young adults from self-report and urinary cotinine: a validation study using the BAMSE birth cohort.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Testing the Outcomes of a Smoking Cessation Smartphone App for Nondaily Smokers: Protocol for a Proof-of-concept Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Association of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home and risk of mortality among US never smokers by race/ethnicity, education, and income.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Short-term smoking increases the risk of insulin resistance.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that non-daily smokers have higher disease and mortality risks than never smokers. Yet, the accuracy of self-reported non-daily cigarette smoking is poorly understood.
methodsWe examined the concordance between self-reported non-daily smoking and serum cotinine in 18,835 adult participants (20 years or older) of the 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, in comparison with daily smokers and nonsmokers. We also analyzed concentrations of the urinary biomarker 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) by smoking status.
resultsIn the study sample, 77.8% (14,660) reported currently not smoking (nonsmokers), 18.3% (3,446) smoked every day (daily smokers), and 3.9% (729) smoked on some days of the past month (non-daily smokers). Just 2.1% of nonsmokers had cotinine concentrations in the active smoking range (>10 ng/mL), compared with 70.4% of non-daily and 98.8% of daily smokers. Non-daily smokers reported smoking a median of 24 cigarettes per month [interquartile range (IQR) = 9-60] and had substantially higher concentrations of NNAL (median = 72.5; IQR = 14.8-211.0 pg/mL) than nonsmokers (median = 0.4; IQR = 0.4-2.1 pg/mL), although lower than daily smokers (median = 294.0; IQR = 148.0-542.0 pg/mL). Among non-daily smokers, concentrations of cotinine and NNAL were positively correlated with days and cigarettes smoked per month (
conclusionsWe observed excellent concordance between self-reported non-daily cigarette smoking and concentrations of serum cotinine. IMPACT: These results provide evidence for the validity of self-reported non-daily smoking and indicate that non-daily smokers are exposed to substantial concentrations of carcinogenic nitrosamines regardless of the low number of cigarettes they smoke per month.
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