ArticleEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2021
Examining the association between exposome score for schizophrenia and functioning in schizophrenia, siblings, and healthy controls: Results from the EUGEI study.
Article in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between the Korea-Polyenvironmental Risk Score and Clinical Outcomes in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Environmental Adversity Is Associated With Attenuated Positive Symptoms and Complex Cognition in a Long-term Follow-up of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Mapping the Exposome of Mental Health Outcomes to Enhance Population Salutogenesis.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- Global research trends on the human exposome: a bibliometric analysis (2005-2024).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Review
- Childhood Adversity Determines the Syndemic Effects of Violence, Substance Misuse, and Sexual Behavior on Psychotic Spectrum Disorder Among Men.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- The biopsychosocial model of schizophrenia and cancer: Unraveling the etiopathogenesis of complex diseases.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022Article
- Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review of Etiopathogenetic, Diagnostic and Treatment Aspects.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Exposome and Trans-syndromal Developmental Trajectories Toward Psychosis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2022Review
- Estimating the Association Between Exposome and Psychosis as Well as General Psychopathology: Results From the ABCD Study.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2022Article
- Editorial: New trends in psychiatric research: Toward the clinical characterization of the individual case and the personalization of treatments.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Exposome Paradigm to Understand the Environmental Origins of Mental Disorders.Alpha psychiatry · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
47 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA cumulative environmental exposure score for schizophrenia (exposome score for schizophrenia [ES-SCZ]) may provide potential utility for risk stratification and outcome prediction. Here, we investigated whether ES-SCZ was associated with functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, unaffected siblings, and healthy controls.
methodsThis cross-sectional sample consisted of 1,261 patients, 1,282 unaffected siblings, and 1,525 healthy controls. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale was used to assess functioning. ES-SCZ was calculated based on our previously validated method. The association between ES-SCZ and the GAF dimensions (symptom and disability) was analyzed by applying regression models in each group (patients, siblings, and controls). Additional models included polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) as a covariate.
resultsES-SCZ was associated with the GAF dimensions in patients (symptom: B = -1.53, p-value = 0.001; disability: B = -1.44, p-value = 0.001), siblings (symptom: B = -3.07, p-value < 0.001; disability: B = -2.52, p-value < 0.001), and healthy controls (symptom: B = -1.50, p-value < 0.001; disability: B = -1.31, p-value < 0.001). The results remained the same after adjusting for PRS-SCZ. The degree of associations of ES-SCZ with both symptom and disability dimensions were higher in unaffected siblings than in patients and controls. By analyzing an independent dataset (the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis study), we replicated the results observed in the patient group.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that ES-SCZ shows promise for enhancing risk prediction and stratification in research practice. From a clinical perspective, ES-SCZ may aid in efforts of clinical characterization, operationalizing transdiagnostic clinical staging models, and personalizing clinical management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.