Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33736625›Full record

Trial reportBMC musculoskeletal disorders2021

Validity of a simple footprint assessment board for diagnosing the severity of flatfoot: a prospective cohort study.

Seikai Toyooka, Naoya Shimazaki, Youichi Yasui, Shuji Ando, Yasuaki Saho, Takumi Nakagawa, Hirotaka Kawano, Wataru Miyamoto

Open access · goldAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 48% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Seikai ToyookaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Naoya ShimazakiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimazaki Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
Youichi YasuiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Shuji AndoDepartment of Information Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Yasuaki SahoFaculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University Institute of Sports Science and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Takumi NakagawaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Hirotaka KawanoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Wataru MiyamotoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. miyamoto@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp.
Teikyo University · JPTokyo University of Science · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA simple, non-quantitative, and cost-effective diagnostic tool would enable the diagnosis of flatfoot without need for specialized training. A simple footprint assessment board that investigates which toe the cord passes through from the centre point of the heel to the most lateral point of the medial contour of the footprint has been developed to assess flatfoot. The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of a simple footprint assessment board for flatfoot.

methodsThirty-five consecutive patients with foot pain, foot injury, or any associated symptoms who underwent computed tomography (CT) were analysed prospectively. At the time of the CT scan, a footprint analysis using a simple footprint assessment board was performed. The navicular index, tibiocalcaneal angle, and calcaneal inclination angle were evaluated by CT to assess flat feet. These three criteria were compared to those evaluated with the simple footprint assessment board by regression analysis. In addition, the same analysis was conducted separately for young, middle-aged, and older patients in order to investigate each age group.

resultsThe navicular index and tibiocalcaneal angle generally decreased as the score of the simple footprint assessment board increased. Calcaneal inclination angle generally increased as the score of the simple footprint assessment board increased. As the scores of the simple footprint assessment board decreased by approaching the great toe, the navicular index and tibiocalcaneal angle were higher and calcaneal inclination angle was lower, which is indicative of a higher likelihood of flatfoot. The scores derived from the simple footprint assessment board was correlated with these three criteria measured by CT, not only when the result of simple footprint assessment board was set as a non-continuous variable but also when the result was set as a continuous variable. The results of the age-stratified survey were similar for all groups.

conclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that a simple footprint assessment board can be potentially useful to detect flatfoot.

trial registrationRetrospectively registered.

Indexed as

CalcaneusFlatfootTarsal BonesFootHumansMiddle AgedProspective StudiesArch heightFlatfootFootprint assessment boardNavicular index

Identifiers

PMID33736625
PMCPMC7977274
OpenAlexW3126231662

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.