ArticleInternational journal of hygiene and environmental health2021
Household water insecurity will complicate the ongoing COVID-19 response: Evidence from 29 sites in 23 low- and middle-income countries.
Article in International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Household water treatment practice and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Variability of enteric pathogen infections by season and meteorological conditions in a low-income, urban setting in Mozambique.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Predicting COVID-19 infection among older Syrian refugees in Lebanon: A multi-wave survey.PloS one · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and consequences of geogenic fluoride exposure on oral and dental health in Nakuru, Kenya.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Variability of enteric pathogen infections by season and meteorological conditions in a low-income, urban setting in Mozambique.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Interacting Water Insecurity and Food Insecurity: Recent Advances in Theory and Application.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Transitional Infrastructures Extending Access to Safe Water in Informal Settlements: A Cross-Sectional Study in Nairobi, Kenya.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- The determinants of handwashing in humanitarian crisis setting during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country analysis.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- Mobility ideation due to water problems during historic 2022 drought associated with livestock wealth, water and food insecurity, and fingernail cortisol concentration in northern Kenya.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
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- Household Water Treatment Practice and Associated Factors in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health insights · 2024Review
- Association between water insecurity and antiretroviral therapy adherence among pregnant and postpartum women in Greater Accra region of Ghana.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and household water insecurities in vulnerable communities in the Mekong Region.Environment, development and sustainability · 2023Article
- Facilitating hand hygiene in displacement camps during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative assessment of a novel handwashing stand and hygiene promotion package.Conflict and health · 2022Article
- Growth and growth trajectory among infants in early life: contributions of food insecurity and water insecurity in rural Zimbabwe.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2022Article
- Actual conditions of person-to-object contact and a proposal for prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- COVID-19 lockdowns: Employment and business disruptions, water access and hygiene practices in Nairobi's informal settlements.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- Household water access and COVID-19 in Karoi town, Zimbabwe.Scientific African · 2022Article
- An examination of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) accessibility and opportunity in urban informal settlements during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Nairobi, Kenya.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 17 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a set of public guidelines for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention measures that highlighted handwashing, physical distancing, and household cleaning. These health behaviors are severely compromised in parts of the world that lack secure water supplies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We used empirical data gathered in 2017-2018 from 8,297 households in 29 sites across 23 LMICs to address the potential implications of water insecurity for COVID-19 prevention and response. These data demonstrate how household water insecurity presents many pathways for limiting personal and environmental hygiene, impeding physical distancing and exacerbating existing social and health vulnerabilities that can lead to more severe COVID-19 outcomes. In the four weeks prior to survey implementation, 45.9% of households in our sample either were unable to wash their hands or reported borrowing water from others, which may undermine hygiene and physical distancing. Further, 70.9% of households experienced one or more water-related problems that potentially undermine COVID-19 control strategies or disease treatment, including insufficient water for bathing, laundering, or taking medication; drinking unsafe water; going to sleep thirsty; or having little-to-no drinking water. These findings help identify where water provision is most relevant to managing COVID-19 spread and outcomes.
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