ArticlePloS one2021
Allergic rhinitis is associated with atmospheric SO2: Follow-up study of children from elementary schools in Ulsan, Korea.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between air pollution and allergic upper respiratory diseases: a meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Prenatal and early-life exposure to traffic-related air pollution and allergic rhinitis in children: A systematic literature review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- The Impact of Environmental Pollution and Climate Change on Allergic Rhinitis and Lung Diseases.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Review
- The Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms: A Prospective Follow-Up Study.Toxics · 2024Article
- Early life exposures of childhood asthma and allergies-an epidemiologic perspective.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Article
- A comparison of experience sampled hay fever symptom severity across rural and urban areas of the UK.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effect of Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors on Daily Outpatient Visits of Allergic Rhinitis in Hohhot, China.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2023Article
- Exploring Associations Between Short-Term Air Pollution and Daily Outpatient Visits for Allergic Rhinitis.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2023Article
- What Is the Role of Night-Time Noise Exposure in Childhood Allergic Disease?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Association Between Air Pollutants and Daily Outpatient Visits for Allergic Rhinitis: A Time-Series Analysis Based on Distribution Lag Nonlinear Model in Chongqing, China.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the association of allergic rhinitis with air pollutant concentrations using the follow-up data of elementary school children in Ulsan, Korea.
methodsAll students of four elementary schools in Ulsan, South Korea were surveyed at two-year intervals. The survey used data collected five times, over a nine-year period from June 2009 to April 2018. The questionnaire used in the survey was a modified version of the ISAAC (International society of asthma and allergy of children) questionnaire. A skin prick test (SPT) was performed with 24 standard antigens. To estimate the levels of exposure to outdoor air pollution, the concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10) were used. As a dependent variable, a history of allergic rhinitis diagnosed by a doctor during the last 1-year was considered. Logistic regression analysis was used to select variables suitable for the statistical model. The selected variables were then used to assess their association with the dependent variable using the generalized estimation equation.
resultsAmong environmental factors, SO2 was associated with a high risk and PM10 was associated with a low risk of allergic rhinitis. The risk of allergic rhinitis from living in a house built within the last year was high, and the risk from living in a multi-family house or apartment was higher than that from living in a segregated house. History of allergic diseases in the family was a high-risk factor for allergic rhinitis. There was a relationship between a history of bronchiolitis at less than 2 years of age and a high risk of allergic rhinitis. Boys were at a higher risk than girls.
conclusionFrom the follow-up data of elementary school students in Ulsan, Korea, the concentration of SO2, which is an indicator of the degree of industrialization, was related to the prevalence of allergic rhinitis. Among all the risk factors, history of allergic disease in the parents was the most important factor, and the study reconfirmed the results of the previous studies.
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