SynthesisPloS one2021
Lost to follow-up and associated factors among patients with drug resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Decade of Unfavorable Outcomes in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Proportion and Factors Associated in Kelantan, Malaysia.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Magnitude and determinants of tuberculosis retreatment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a five-year retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Patient mobility and travel distance to receive drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, and their associations with loss to follow-up in Guizhou Province, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Predictive Factors Associated With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Among Tuberculosis Patients in Southwest Ethiopia: An Unmatched Case-Control Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Strengthening Clinical Governance and Public Health Interventions to Improve Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Outcomes in Rural South Africa.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pre-treatment loss to follow-up and associated factors among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients diagnosed in Wakiso district, central Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Loss to follow-up among adults with drug-resistant TB in Papua New Guinea.Public health action · 2024Article
- The clinical profile and outcomes of drug resistant tuberculosis in Central Province of Zambia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Cost of digital technologies and family-observed DOT for a shorter MDR-TB regimen: a modelling study in Ethiopia, India and Uganda.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Time-to-Treatment Initiation in a Decentralised Community-Care Model of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Management in the OR Tambo District Municipality of South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Retreatment after loss to follow-up reduces mortality in patients with multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- Patient-reported usability and satisfaction with electronic medication event reminder and monitor device for tuberculosis: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Lost to Follow-Up among Tuberculosis Patients during the Public-Private Mix Era in Rural Area of Indonesia.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2023Article
- Causes of loss to follow-up from drug-resistant TB treatment in Khayelitsha, South Africa.Public health action · 2022Article
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of comorbidities and associated risk factors in Indian patients of community-acquired pneumonia.SAGE open medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOne third of global antmicrobial resistance deaths are attributed to drug resistant tuberculosis. Lost to follow-up is one of the causes of the development of acquired drug resistant tuberculosis. There is a gap in nationally representative reliable information on lost to follow-up among patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia.
objectiveTo estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of lost to follow-up among patients with drug resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia.
methodsObservational studies searched from PubMed, HINARI and CINAHL were screened for eligibility. After assessing the quality of studies, data were extracted using a checklist. Heterogeneity was assessed using forest plot, Q and I2. The random effects meta-analysis model was employed to pull the prevalence of lost to follow-up. Sub-group analysis and meta regression were performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots with Egger's and Begg's tests. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the influence of individual studies on the overall estimate. The odds ratios were used to measure associations.
resultsThe review was performed among 11 studies of which 9 were cohort studies. The sample sizes ranged from 90 to 612 and comprised a total of 3,510 participants. The pooled prevalence of lost to follow-up was 8.66% (95% CI, 5.01-13.14) with a high heterogeneity (I2 = 93.49%, p<0.001). Pulmonary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients were 50% less likely to loss from follow-up compared to extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
conclusionThere was a high prevalence of lost to follow-up among multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia. Anatomical site of tuberculosis was a significant factor affecting lost to follow-up. Strengthening the health care system and patient education should be given a due emphasis. REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020153326; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=153326.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.