ReviewJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2021
Advanced cancer is also a heart failure syndrome: a hypothesis.
Review in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers and mechanisms associated with cancer-induced cardiac cachexia: A systematic review.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Pooled it
- The lethal symbiont: exploring the pathophysiology of cancer.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Combination Therapy with Bisoprolol and Tissue Protective Molecule ARA 284 Is Cardio-Protective and Improves Survival in Experimental Cancer Cachexia.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Association of an impaired GH-IGF-I axis with cardiac wasting in patients with advanced cancer.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: A Dangerous Liaison.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025Review
- Why do patients with cancer die?Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Breast cancer and heart failure: don't let the statistics get in the way of the facts.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2024Article
- Cancer-Induced Resting Sinus Tachycardia: An Overlooked Clinical Diagnosis.Oncology reviews · 2024Review
- Cardiology and oncology: a meeting of giants.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2024Article
- [Therapeutic mechanism ofNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2023Article
- Bioinformatics analysis of the genes associated with co-occurrence of heart failure and lung cancer.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Progressive development of melanoma-induced cachexia differentially impacts organ systems in mice.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Incidence, risk factors, and mortality of atrial fibrillation in breast cancer: a SEER-Medicare analysis.European heart journal · 2022Article
- Heart failure and cancer: From active exposure to passive adaption.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Advanced cancer is also a heart failure syndrome: a hypothesis.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2021Review
- Article
- Contemporary Insights into Cancer Cachexia for Oncology Nurses.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursingReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We present the hypothesis that advanced stage cancer is also a heart failure syndrome. It can develop independently of or in addition to cardiotoxic effects of anti-cancer therapies. This includes an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. We suggest the pathophysiologic link for these developments includes generalized muscle wasting (i.e. sarcopenia) due to tissue homeostasis changes leading to cardiac wasting associated cardiomyopathy. Cardiac wasting with thinning of the ventricular wall increases ventricular wall stress, even in the absence of ventricular dilatation. In addition, arrhythmias may be facilitated by cellular wasting processes affecting structure and function of electrical cells and conduction pathways. We submit that in some patients with advanced cancer (but not terminal cancer), heart failure therapy or defibrillators may be relevant treatment options. The key points in selecting patients for such therapies may be the predicted life expectancy, quality of life at intervention time, symptomatic burden, and consequences for further anti-cancer therapies. The cause of death in advanced cancer is difficult to ascertain and consensus on event definitions in cancer is not established yet. Clinical investigations on this are called for. Broader ethical considerations must be taken into account when aiming to target cardiovascular problems in cancer patients. We suggest that focused attention to evaluating cardiac wasting and arrhythmias in cancer will herald a further evolution in the rapidly expanding field of cardio-oncology.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.