ReviewClinical rheumatology2021
COVID-19 and the clinical course of rheumatic manifestations.
Review in Clinical rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Possible temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of the incidence, management and prognosis of new-onset autoimmune connective tissue diseases after COVID-19.Rheumatology international · 2023Pooled it
- Reactive arthritis following COVID-19 current evidence, diagnosis, and management strategies.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- The genetic associations of COVID-19 on genitourinary symptoms.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Thyroid Function Changes in Primary Care: A Retrospective Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Post-COVID Functional Status among COVID-19 Survivors: A Single-Center Prospective Observational Study.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025Article
- Erythroderma as a presenting feature of dermatomyositis: case-based review.Rheumatology international · 2025Review
- The climate emergency for rheumatologists: where do we stand?Clinical rheumatology · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide analysis reveals a highly conserved region that elicits potentially pathogenic autoantibodies: implications to pan-coronavirus vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The effects on clinical characteristics, potential factors and outcomes in SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Changes in the cytotoxic and regulatory functions of NK cells in patients with long-COVID under the influence of the human herpesvirus 6 (pilot study).Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Article
- Severe Post-Viral Polymyositis after COVID-19 in Childhood: A Case Report and Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The interplay between rheumatic diseases and pulmonary health.Rheumatology international · 2024Review
- COVID-19-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis: Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2024Article
- Post-stroke rehabilitation in the peri-pandemic COVID-19 era.Rheumatology international · 2024Review
- COVID-19 prophylaxis, diagnostics, and treatment in patients with rheumatic diseases. The Polish experts panel opinion.Reumatologia · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination-Related Delayed Adverse Events among Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Academic publication activities and perspectives of rheumatology practitioners in the COVID-19 pandemic.Archives of rheumatology · 2023Article
- Revisiting articular syndrome in the peri-pandemic COVID-19 era.Rheumatology international · 2023Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The manifestations of COVID-19 have been evolving over time. Various post-COVID-19 syndromes are being recognised. Various viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and we expect a similar outcome with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 virus penetrates various tissues and organs and has a predisposition to lead to endotheliitis that may cause vascular manifestations including thrombosis. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to activate Toll-like receptors and the complement system. It perpetuates NETosis and leads to autoantibody formation. These predispose to systemic autoimmunity. Both reactive arthritis and connective tissue disorders such as lupus and inflammatory myositis have been reported after COVID-19. Other reported autoimmune disorders include haemolytic anaemia, immune thrombocytopenia, cutaneous vasculitis, and Guillain Barré-like acute demyelinating disorders. The multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children and its adult counterpart are another post-COVID-19 entity that presents as an admixture of Kawasaki disease and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. Patients with preexisting rheumatic diseases may flare during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. They may develop novel autoimmune features also. The immune-suppressants used during the acute COVID-19 illness may confound the outcomes whereas comorbidities present in patients with rheumatic diseases may mask them. There is an urgent need to follow-up patients recovering from COVID and monitor autoantibody production in the context of rheumatic manifestations. Key Points • COVID-19 is associated with both innate and acquired immune reactions and production of various autoantibodies. • Various immune-mediated manifestations such as arthritis, myositis, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute demyelination may develop after COVID-19. • Longitudinal cohort data are warranted to describe, predict, and test prevent various rheumatic manifestations in post-COVID-19 subjects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.