Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33733107›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in artificial intelligence2019

The Generative Adversarial Brain.

Samuel J Gershman

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in artificial intelligence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The hippocampus as a generative model.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
    Review
  2. Reappraising intuitions about consciousness.Frontiers in psychology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Sharing the World-A Social Aspect of Consciousness.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Metacognitive awareness in the sound-induced flash illusion.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Using Generated Object Reconstructions to Study Object-based Attention.Proceedings of the ... Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Theories of consciousness.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2022
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. From internal models toward metacognitive AI.Biological cybernetics · 2021
    Article
  20. The thermodynamics of cognition: A mathematical treatment.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Samuel J GershmanDepartment of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Center for Pain and the Brain · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The idea that the brain learns generative models of the world has been widely promulgated. Most approaches have assumed that the brain learns an explicit density model that assigns a probability to each possible state of the world. However, explicit density models are difficult to learn, requiring approximate inference techniques that may find poor solutions. An alternative approach is to learn an implicit density model that can sample from the generative model without evaluating the probabilities of those samples. The implicit model can be trained to fool a discriminator into believing that the samples are real. This is the idea behind generative adversarial algorithms, which have proven adept at learning realistic generative models. This paper develops an adversarial framework for probabilistic computation in the brain. It first considers how generative adversarial algorithms overcome some of the problems that vex prior theories based on explicit density models. It then discusses the psychological and neural evidence for this framework, as well as how the breakdown of the generator and discriminator could lead to delusions observed in some mental disorders.

Indexed as

bayesian inferenceconsciousnessdelusionsgenerative adversarial networksperception

Identifiers

PMID33733107
PMCPMC7861215
OpenAlexW2971579644

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.