ArticleKidney international reports2021
Plasma Cytokine Profiling to Predict Steroid Resistance in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome.
Article in Kidney international reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers to predict or measure steroid resistance in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Huaiqihuang Granules Combined with Comprehensive Nursing on Children with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2022Trial
- Beyond the Steroid Trial: A Scoping Review of Biomarkers for Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prediction Models and Risk Factors for Steroid Resistance in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Association between cytokine levels and disease relapse in newly diagnosed childhood-onset primary nephrotic syndrome.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Predictive Molecular Biomarkers in Pediatric Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2026Review
- Single cell analysis identified IFN signaling activation contributes to the pathogenesis of pediatric steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- Podocyte-targeted therapies - progress and future directions.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Swollen Feet: Considering the Paradoxical Roles of Interleukins in Nephrotic Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome.Mediators of inflammation · 2022Review
- Later Response to Corticosteroids in Adults With Primary Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis Is Associated With Favorable Outcomes.Kidney international reports · 2022Article
- Sulfatase 2 Is Associated with Steroid Resistance in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionGlucocorticoids (GCs) are the primary treatment for nephrotic syndrome (NS), although ∼10% to 20% of children develop steroid-resistant NS (SRNS). Unfortunately, there are no validated biomarkers able to predict SRNS at initial disease presentation. We hypothesized that a plasma cytokine panel could predict SRNS at disease presentation, and identify potential pathways regulating SRNS pathogenesis.
methodsPaired plasma samples were collected from 26 children with steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) and 14 with SRNS at NS presentation and after ∼7 weeks of GC therapy, when SSNS versus SRNS was clinically determined. Plasma cytokine profiling was performed with a panel of 27 cytokines.
resultsWe identified 13 cytokines significantly different in Pretreatment SSNS versus SRNS samples. Statistical modeling identified a cytokine panel (interleukin [IL]-7, IL-9, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1]) able to discriminate between SSNS and SRNS at disease presentation (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] value = 0.846; sensitivity = 0.643; specificity = 0.846). Furthermore, GC treatment resulted in significant decreases in plasma interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-7, IL-13, and IL-5 in both SSNS and SRNS patients.
conclusionsThese studies suggest that initial GC treatment of NS reduces the plasma cytokines secreted by both CD4
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.