ReviewCureus2021
Calcium-Alkali Syndrome: Historical Review, Pathophysiology and Post-Modern Update.
Review in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Hypercalcemia Following Adrenalectomy for Cushing Syndrome in a Patient with Post-Surgical Hypoparathyroidism.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Post-Thyroidectomy Development of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Due to Calcium Over-Replacement.JCEM case reports · 2023Article
- Acute Kidney Injury with Severe Metabolic Alkalosis Caused by Habitual Vomiting in an Alcohol Abuser with Pyloric Stenosis.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Effects of Bismuth Exposure on the Human Kidney-A Systematic Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Milk-Alkali Syndrome: How Electronic Medical Record Open Notes Helped to Rule Out Cancer.The American journal of case reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Milk-alkali syndrome or calcium-alkali syndrome (CAS) is the triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal impairment. It is often related to ingestion of high amounts of calcium carbonate, which was used historically for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The incidence of the syndrome decreased dramatically after the introduction of newer peptic ulcer medications such as proton pump inhibitors and histamine blocking agents. However, a resurgence was seen in the late 1980s with the wide use of over-the-counter calcium supplements, mainly by females for osteoporosis prophylaxis. The modern version of the syndrome continues to evolve along with medical management. This review focuses on the historical context of CAS, pathogenesis, resurgence of the condition with variable presentations, and contemporary management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.