Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33732548›Full record

ArticlePeerJ2021

Exposure-related, global alterations in innate and adaptive immunity; a consideration for re-use of non-human primates in research.

François A Bates, Elizabeth H Duncan, Monika Simmons, Tanisha Robinson, Sridhar Samineni, Natasa Strbo, Eileen Villasante, Elke Bergmann-Leitner, Wathsala Wijayalath

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 98% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

François A BatesVeterinary Services Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America.
Elizabeth H DuncanImmunology Core/Malaria Biologics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America.
Monika SimmonsViral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America.
Tanisha RobinsonImmunology Core/Malaria Biologics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America.
Sridhar SamineniVeterinary Services Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America.
Natasa StrboDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America.
Eileen VillasanteMalaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America.
Elke Bergmann-LeitnerImmunology Core/Malaria Biologics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America.
Wathsala WijayalathMalaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America.
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research · USNaval Medical Research Command · USHenry M. Jackson Foundation · USUniversity of Miami · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNon-human primates (NHPs) play an important role in biomedical research, where they are often being re-used in multiple research studies over the course of their life-time. Researchers employ various study-specific screening criteria to reduce potential variables associated with subsequent re-use of NHPs. However, criteria set for NHP re-assignments largely neglect the impact of previous exposures on overall biology. Since the immune system is a key determinant of overall biological outcome, an altered biological state could be predicted by monitoring global changes in the immune profile. We postulate that every different exposure or a condition can generate a unique global immune profile in NHPs.

methodsChanges in the global immune profile were evaluated in three different groups of rhesus macaques previously enrolled in dengue or malaria vaccine studies over six months after their last exposure. Naïve animals served as the baseline. Fresh blood samples were stained with various immune cell surface markers and analyzed by multi-color flow-cytometry to study immune cell dynamics in the peripheral blood. Serum cytokine profile in the pre-exposed animals were analyzed by mesoscale assay using a customized U-PLEX NHP biomarker panel of 12 cytokines/chemokines.

resultsPre-exposed macaques showed altered dynamics in circulating cytokines and certain innate and adaptive immune cell subsets such as monocytes, HLA-DR+NKT cells, B cells and T cells. Some of these changes were transient, while some lasted for more than six months. Each group seemed to develop a global immune profile unique to their particular exposure.

conclusionOur data strongly suggest that re-used NHPs should be evaluated for long-term, overall immunological changes and randomly assigned to new studies to avoid study bias.

Indexed as

CytokinesGlobal immune profileInfectious diseasesInnate and adaptive immunityNon-human primates (NHPs)Re-use of NHPs in researchTrained immunity

Identifiers

PMID33732548
PMCPMC7950202
OpenAlexW3134992991

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.