ReviewEvolution, medicine, and public health2021
Conflicts over calcium and the treatment of COVID-19.
Review in Evolution, medicine, and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular drugs and COVID-19 clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 receiving calcium channel blockers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of low serum calcium level on the severity and mortality of Covid patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells in COVID-19: Role of cholesterol, calcium, and phosphate.Journal of cellular physiology · 2024Review
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on initiation of antihypertensive drugs in Sweden: an interrupted time series study.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Targeting ATP2B1 impairs PI3K/Akt/FOXO signaling and reduces SARS-COV-2 infection and replication.EMBO reports · 2024Article
- The necessity of investigations to clarify sex and racial disparities in pathophysiology of Long COVID.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Neurological Sequelae of COVID-19: A Biochemical Perspective.ACS omega · 2023Review
- Targeting host calcium channels and viroporins: a promising strategy for SARS-CoV-2 therapy.Future virology · 2023Review
- An overview on role of nutrition on COVID-19 immunity: Accumulative review from available studies.Clinical nutrition open science · 2023Review
- Association of antihypertensive drugs with COVID-19 outcomes: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 andEvolution, medicine, and public health · 2023Article
- Modulation of CaHandbook of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
- Mepolizumab as a Potential Protective Factor of COVID-19 Mortality: A Case Report of Chronic Bronchitis and Asthma in an Elderly Patient.The American journal of case reports · 2022Article
- Estimation of Serum Calcium on the Severity and Mortality in COVID-19 Infections in Sulaymaniyah City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinics and practice · 2022Article
- Eco-friendly spectrophotometric evaluation of triple-combination therapies in the treatment strategy of patients suffering from hypertension during coronavirus pandemic - Spectralprint recognition study.Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy · 2022Article
- Potential Therapeutic Approach of Melatonin against Omicron and Some Other Variants of SARS-CoV-2.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The impact of vitamin and mineral supplements usage prior to COVID-19 infection on disease severity and hospitalization.Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Article
- Potential of targeting host cell calcium dynamics to curtail SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathogenesis.Cell calcium · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several recent studies have provided evidence that use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs), especially amlodipine and nifedipine, can reduce mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Moreover, hypocalcemia (a reduced level of serum ionized calcium) has been shown to be strongly positively associated with COVID-19 severity. Both effectiveness of CCBs as antiviral therapy, and positive associations of hypocalcemia with mortality, have been demonstrated for many other viruses as well. We evaluate these findings in the contexts of virus-host evolutionary conflicts over calcium metabolism, and hypocalcemia as either pathology, viral manipulation or host defence against pathogens. Considerable evidence supports the hypothesis that hypocalcemia represents a host defence. Indeed, hypocalcemia may exert antiviral effects in a similar manner as do CCBs, through interference with calcium metabolism in virus-infected cells. Prospective clinical studies that address the efficacy of CCBs and hypocalcemia should provide novel insights into the pathogenicity and treatment of COVID-19 and other viruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.