ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2021
Human milk extracellular vesicles target nodes in interconnected signalling pathways that enhance oral epithelial barrier function and dampen immune responses.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomic Atlas of Notochordal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Highlights EV-Specific NF-κB Modulation and Functional Implications of the Protein Corona.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Maternal obesity during lactation as a hypertensive cardiovascular risk factor in the offspring.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Human milk: insights on cell composition, organoids and emerging applications.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Current Perspective on Human Milk Derived Vesicles and Their Potential Therapeutic Use: A Scoping Review.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- A novel spray-dried milk extracellular vesicles formulation with long-term immunomodulatory activity and functional stability.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Global Research Landscape in T Cells and Myasthenia Gravis: Trends, Collaborations, and Future Directions.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- The involvement of human breastmilk-derived extracellular vesicles in the development of infant atopic sensitization.Allergologie select · 2026Review
- Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Stress.Cells · 2025Article
- Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and microRNAs: Potential Modulators of Intestinal Homeostasis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- A SERS-Based Antibody-Aptamer Sandwich Assay for Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Tau Detection Using Gold Nanoparticles.Advanced sensor research · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles circular RNA: A new perspective and clinical application potential for mediating chemoresistance in colorectal cancer.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Article
- Human milk extracellular vesicles modulate inflammation and cell survival in intestinal and immune cells.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Human breast milk-derived exosomes and their positive role on neonatal intestinal health.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Milk-derived exosomes as functional nanocarriers in wound healing: Mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Microscopic messengers: Extracellular vesicles shaping gastrointestinal health and disease.Physiological reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Milk-derived extracellular vesicles and gut health.NPJ science of food · 2025Review
- Mechanistic insight into human milk extracellular vesicle-intestinal barrier interactions.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Untargeted lipidomics reveals unique lipid signatures of extracellular vesicles from porcine colostrum and milk.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Maternal milk is nature's first functional food. It plays a crucial role in the development of the infant's gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the immune system. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer enclosed vesicles released by cells for intercellular communication and are a component of milk. Recently, we discovered that human milk EVs contain a unique proteome compared to other milk components. Here, we show that physiological concentrations of milk EVs support epithelial barrier function by increasing cell migration via the p38 MAPK pathway. Additionally, milk EVs inhibit agonist-induced activation of endosomal Toll like receptors TLR3 and TLR9. Furthermore, milk EVs directly inhibit activation of CD4+ T cells by temporarily suppressing T cell activation without inducing tolerance. We show that milk EV proteins target key hotspots of signalling networks that can modulate cellular processes in various cell types of the GI tract.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.