ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2021
Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Scientific Committee guidance on appraising and integrating evidence from epidemiological studies for use in EFSA's scientific assessments.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Relationship between Eating Habits and 4-Nonylphenol Concentration in Breast Milk of Women in Slovakia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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- Socio-Economic Factors Impact US Dietary Exposure to Halogenated Flame Retardants.Environmental science & technology letters · 2023Article
- Brominated flame retardants, a cornelian dilemma.Environmental chemistry letters · 2023Article
- Article
- Risk Characterization and Benefit-Risk Assessment of Brominated Flame Retardant in Commercially Exploited Freshwater Fishes and Crayfish of Lake Trasimeno, Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs, predominantly mixtures of the stereoisomers α-, β- and γ-HBCDD, were widely used additive flame retardants. Concern has been raised because of the occurrence of HBCDDs in the environment, food and in humans. Main targets for toxicity are neurodevelopment, the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and immune systems. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour in mice can be considered the critical effects. Based on effects on spontaneous behaviour in mice, the Panel identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) as the Reference Point, corresponding to a body burden of 0.75 mg/kg bw. The chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans was calculated to be 2.35 μg/kg bw per day. The derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) was not considered appropriate. Instead, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to assess possible health concerns. Over 6,000 analytical results for HBCDDs in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to HBCDDs were fish meat, eggs, livestock meat and poultry. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the resulting MOE values support the conclusion that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs across European countries does not raise a health concern. An exception is breastfed infants with high milk consumption, for which the lowest MOE values may raise a health concern.
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