ReviewBritish journal of cancer2021
Cancer metastasis as a non-healing wound.
Review in British journal of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exosome-Derived Non-Coding RNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer: Possible Functions, Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Biological Redefinition of Oligometastatic Gastric Cancer Refines Surgical Risk Stratification.Journal of gastric cancer · 2026Article
- Clinical metastatic cancer from initiation to colonization: emerging challenges and breakthroughs.Oncogene · 2026Review
- Migrasomes program tissue microenvironment: from physiology to oncology, future perspectives in clinical advances.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Review
- Advanced biomaterial strategies for cancerous wound management from palliative to multifunctional platforms.iScience · 2026Review
- Relationship between the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a population-based study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Dysregulated Repair in Aging and Disease: Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Protective Strategy.Cells · 2026Review
- Patient-Derived Procoagulant Breast Fibroblasts Expressing Tissue Factor Promote Breast Cancer Cell Migration.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of the TGF-β signaling pathway: molecular mechanisms, disease drivers, and frontiers in clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Moving beyond cytotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy: embracing tumor microenvironment remodeling for durable control.British journal of cancer · 2025Review
- Cancer-derived mitochondria fuel fibroblasts to become pro-tumorigenic.Nature cancer · 2025Article
- Novel Strategy for Acquiring Metabolically-Tagged Nascent Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Identifying Surface Protein Markers of Extracellular Vesicles From Neuroblastoma Cells Cultured With Native Serum.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Fragmentation signatures in cancer patients resemble those of patients with vascular or autoimmune diseases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- The HIF axes in cancer: angiogenesis, metabolism, and immune-modulation.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2025Review
- Decoding metastatic microenvironments through single-cell omics reveals new insights into niche dynamics and tumor evolution.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the anticancer potential of Pinostrobin: mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic insights, and therapeutic prospects.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Dual role of miR-155 and exosomal miR-155 in tumor angiogenesis: implications for cancer progression and therapy.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- A Unique Signature for Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Melanoma Metastases.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2025Article
- NOS2 as a prognostic biomarker for early-onset colorectal cancer based on public data and clinical validation analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are caused by metastasis: recurrence of disease by disseminated tumour cells at sites distant from the primary tumour. Large numbers of disseminated tumour cells are released from the primary tumour, even during the early stages of tumour growth. However, only a minority survive as potential seeds for future metastatic outgrowths. These cells must adapt to a relatively inhospitable microenvironment, evade immune surveillance and progress from the micro- to macro-metastatic stage to generate a secondary tumour. A pervasive driver of this transition is chronic inflammatory signalling emanating from tumour cells themselves. These signals can promote migration and engagement of stem and progenitor cell function, events that are also central to a wound healing response. In this review, we revisit the concept of cancer as a non-healing wound, first introduced by Virchow in the 19th century, with a new tumour cell-intrinsic perspective on inflammation and focus on metastasis. Cellular responses to inflammation in both wound healing and metastasis are tightly regulated by crosstalk with the surrounding microenvironment. Targeting or restoring canonical responses to inflammation could represent a novel strategy to prevent the lethal spread of cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.