ArticleNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2021
Bursting out: linking changes in nanotopography and biomechanical properties of biofilm-forming Escherichia coli to the T4 lytic cycle.
Article in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gradient metapopulation microfluidic ecologies shape genetic and biofilm drivers of T4r phage resistance in E. coli.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Article
- Probiotic biofilm modified scaffolds for facilitating osteomyelitis treatment through sustained release of bacteriophage and regulated macrophage polarization.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of Hindering Phage Therapy: The Phage Tolerance vs. Phage Resistance of Bacterial Biofilms.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Eradication of Biofilm-Mediated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus InfectionsMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The bacteriophage infection cycle has been extensively studied, yet little is known about the nanostructure and mechanical changes that lead to bacterial lysis. Here, atomic force microscopy was used to study in real time and in situ the impact of the canonical phage T4 on the nanotopography and biomechanics of irreversibly attached, biofilm-forming E. coli cells. The results show that in contrast to the lytic cycle in planktonic cells, which ends explosively, anchored cells that are in the process of forming a biofilm undergo a more gradual lysis, developing distinct nanoscale lesions (~300 nm in diameter) within the cell envelope. Furthermore, it is shown that the envelope rigidity and cell elasticity decrease (>50% and >40%, respectively) following T4 infection, a process likely linked to changes in the nanostructure of infected cells. These insights show that the well-established lytic pathway of planktonic cells may be significantly different from that of biofilm-forming cells. Elucidating the lysis paradigm of these cells may advance biofilm removal and phage therapeutics.
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Registered trials
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