ArticleBone research2021
Chondrogenesis mediates progression of ankylosing spondylitis through heterotopic ossification.
Article in Bone research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the causal relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and osteoporosis in the European population: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Serum DKK-1 level in ankylosing spondylitis: insights from meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Review
- Biomechanical characteristics of osteotomy correction for kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis: a finite element study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- MiR-21 promotes osteogenic transformation in ankylosing spondylitis fibroblasts and modulates bone metabolism in a murine arthritis model potentially involving the MAPK NF-κB pathway.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Molecular role of developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1 in coordinating osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation during bone remodeling.Molecules and cells · 2026Article
- Heterotopic Ossification: Molecular Drivers, Subtype-Specific Mechanisms, and Translational Therapeutic Advances.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Optimizing osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis-induced kyphosis: anatomical insights and novel instrumentation.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Single-immunocyte transcriptomics reveal the role of natural killer cell-dependent exogenous antigen presentation in ankylosing spondylitis severity.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Case Report: Intracranial epidermoid cyst accompanied by bone hyperplasia forming a bone encapsulation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Angiogenesis in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: progress from mechanism to targeted intervention.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Restoring adenosine balance in axial spondyloarthritis: a stage-specific framework for immune and structural modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Human peripheral osteoclast-precursor-development patterns reveal the significance of RPS17-dependent ribosome synthesis to Ankylosing Spondylitis lesions.Bone research · 2025Article
- TGF-β signaling in heterotopic ossification: the pathogenesis and the target for its treatment.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Review
- Single-cell immunomics reveals the immunological hallmarks about the onset and different outcomes for ankylosing spondylitis patients.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Causal Inference and Shared Molecular Pathways in Crohn's Disease, Celiac Disease, and Ankylosing Spondylitis: Integrative Mendelian Randomization and Transcriptomic Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in the Immunopathology of Axial Spondyloarthritis: with and without HLA-B27.Current rheumatology reports · 2025Review
- Targeting osteoclast-derived DPP4 alleviates inflammation-mediated ectopic bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Bu Yang Huan Wu Prevents Osteogenic Effect of Muscle-Derived Stromal Cells via Regulating JAK/STAT Pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Breaking boundaries in ankylosing spondylitis: how innovative cell therapies reshape immunity, drive cutting-edge advances, and face future challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is chronic inflammatory arthritis with a progressive fusion of axial joints. Anti-inflammatory treatments such as anti-TNF-α antibody therapy suppress inflammation but do not effectively halt the progression of spine fusion in AS patients. Here we report that the autoimmune inflammation of AS generates a microenvironment that promotes chondrogenesis in spine ligaments as the process of spine fusion. Chondrocyte differentiation was observed in the ligaments of patients with early-stage AS, and cartilage formation was followed by calcification. Moreover, a large number of giant osteoclasts were found in the inflammatory environment of ligaments and on bony surfaces of calcified cartilage. Resorption activity by these giant osteoclasts generated marrow with high levels of active TGF-β, which induced new bone formation in the ligaments. Notably, no Osterix
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.