ArticleJournal of virology2021
Reassortment with dominant chicken H9N2 influenza virus contributed to the fifth H7N9 virus human epidemic.
Article in Journal of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Direct interaction between avian pathogenicMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Genetic and biological characterization of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from swine in China.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Identification of thermostability-enhancing mutations in H9N2 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Article
- Serological Surveillance of Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 Subtype in Occupational Populations Exposed to Poultry Environment in China During 2018-2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Genetic evolution and pathogenicity analysis of two natural recombinant isolates of avian influenza.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: Tracking the Progression from IAV (H5N1) to IAV (H7N9) and Preparing for Emerging Challenges.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Recent advances in lateral flow devices and point-of-care diagnostics for highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- An emerging PB2-627 polymorphism increases the zoonotic risk of avian influenza virus by overcoming ANP32 host restriction in mammalian and avian hosts.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Construction of a replication-defective recombinant virus and cell-based vaccine for H9N2 avian influenza virus.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota-derived isovaleric acid ameliorates influenza virus infection via gut-lung axis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Viral factors underlying the pandemic potential of influenza viruses.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Characterization of the avian influenza viruses distribution in the environment of live poultry market in China, 2019-2023.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- Influenza a virus subtype H9N2 infection induces respiratory microbiota dysbiosis in chickens via type-I interferon-mediated mechanisms.FEMS microbes · 2025Article
- Complex Reassortment Dynamics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Xinjiang, China: Implications for Zoonotic Spillover.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- The phylogenetic, pathogenicity and transmission capacity analysis of one H9N2 strain.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- LysoPE mediated by respiratory microorganism Aeromicrobium camelliae alleviates H9N2 challenge in mice.Veterinary research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
H9N2 Avian influenza virus (AIV) is regarded as a principal donor of viral genes through reassortment to co-circulating influenza viruses that can result in zoonotic reassortants. Whether H9N2 virus can maintain sustained evolutionary impact on such reassortants is unclear. Since 2013, avian H7N9 virus had caused five sequential human epidemics in China; the fifth wave in 2016-2017 was by far the largest but the mechanistic explanation behind the scale of infection is not clear. Here, we found that, just prior to the fifth H7N9 virus epidemic, H9N2 viruses had phylogenetically mutated into new sub-clades, changed antigenicity and increased its prevalence in chickens vaccinated with existing H9N2 vaccines. In turn, the new H9N2 virus sub-clades of PB2 and PA genes, housing mammalian adaptive mutations, were reassorted into co-circulating H7N9 virus to create a novel dominant H7N9 virus genotype that was responsible for the fifth H7N9 virus epidemic. H9N2-derived PB2 and PA genes in H7N9 virus conferred enhanced polymerase activity in human cells at 33°C and 37°C, and increased viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of infected mice which could account for the sharp increase in human cases of H7N9 virus infection in the 2016-2017 epidemic. The role of H9N2 virus in the continual mutation of H7N9 virus highlights the public health significance of H9N2 virus in the generation of variant reassortants of increasing zoonotic potential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.