ReviewDiagnostic pathology2021
Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, current applications and future role with special emphasis on its potential and promise in pathology: present and future impact, obstacles including costs and acceptance among pathologists, practical and philosophical considerations. A comprehensive review.
Review in Diagnostic pathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 255 citations in OpenAlex.
- Explainability, Bias and Generalizability of AI Models in Dentistry: A Systematic Review of Model Interpretability and Equity.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Pooled it
- Congenital heart disease diagnosis using machine learning: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Artificial Intelligence in Laryngeal Cancer Detection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- Ethical and Governance Challenges of AI in Medical Imaging and Diagnostics: A Systematic Survey and Policy Framework Recommendations.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Machine learning and deep learning models for predicting colorectal cancer metastases: A comprehensive review.European journal of radiology open · 2026Review
- Development and Implementation of an AI System for Generating Clinical Urine Drug Test Sign-Outs.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Large Language Models Utility for Rapid On-Site Evaluation in Interventional Pulmonology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A machine learning model for post-operative sepsis prediction in acute surgical patients: a multi-centre, prospective study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comprehensive recommendations for the implementation of artificial intelligence in healthcare: a narrative review on facilitators and barriers.BMJ open quality · 2026Review
- Effect of a Real-Time Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Ultrasound System on BI-RADS C4 Breast Lesions Based on Breast Density.Cancers · 2026Article
- Advancements in Artificial Intelligence-Based Diagnostic Tools Used to Detect Fungal Infections: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The temporal changes in GPT-4 performance on UKMLA practice questions: educational and clinical implications.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Understanding AI adoption in medical education: Insights from students and faculty members in Indonesian medical schools.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Implementation of AI in oncology: a systematic review of educational and clinical integration in global contexts.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Review
- A reinforcement learning algorithm to optimize resource utilization in combat casualty care.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- AI-engineered multifunctional nanoplatforms: synergistically bridging precision diagnosis and intelligent therapy in next-generation oncology.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Multimodal deep learning framework integrating multiphase CT and histopathological whole slide imaging for predicting recurrence in ccRCC.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Predicability of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells based solely on H&E-stained sections.Journal of pathology informatics · 2025Review
- Artificial Intelligence for the Diagnosis and Management of Cancers: Potentials and Challenges.MedComm · 2025Review
- Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe role of Artificial intelligence (AI) which is defined as the ability of computers to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence is constantly expanding. Medicine was slow to embrace AI. However, the role of AI in medicine is rapidly expanding and promises to revolutionize patient care in the coming years. In addition, it has the ability to democratize high level medical care and make it accessible to all parts of the world. MAIN TEXT: Among specialties of medicine, some like radiology were relatively quick to adopt AI whereas others especially pathology (and surgical pathology in particular) are only just beginning to utilize AI. AI promises to play a major role in accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancers. In this paper, the general principles of AI are defined first followed by a detailed discussion of its current role in medicine. In the second half of this comprehensive review, the current and future role of AI in surgical pathology is discussed in detail including an account of the practical difficulties involved and the fear of pathologists of being replaced by computer algorithms. A number of recent studies which demonstrate the usefulness of AI in the practice of surgical pathology are highlighted.
conclusionAI has the potential to transform the practice of surgical pathology by ensuring rapid and accurate results and enabling pathologists to focus on higher level diagnostic and consultative tasks such as integrating molecular, morphologic and clinical information to make accurate diagnosis in difficult cases, determine prognosis objectively and in this way contribute to personalized care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.