ArticleBMC anesthesiology2021
TNF-α - mediated peripheral and central inflammation are associated with increased incidence of PND in acute postoperative pain.
Article in BMC anesthesiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimal prophylaxis for perioperative drug-induced delayed neurocognitive recovery: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of 18 interventions with mechanism-based stratification.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Predictors of cognitive decline in older individuals without dementia: An updated meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Pooled it
- The Effect of Opioid-Free Anesthesia with Esketamine on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of the Bilateral and Bilevel Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) in Pediatric Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial.Journal of pediatric orthopedics · 2024Trial
- hUC-MSCs via β-NGF Alleviate Cognitive Impairment After Tibial Fracture Surgery by Regulating the STMN2/NMNAT2-SARM1-NF-κB Signaling Pathway.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling modulates postoperative pain and inflammatory responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- HSPA1A Can Alleviate CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain by Modulating Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Plasma Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in an Observational Chronic Low Back Pain Cohort.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Preemptive analgesia regimen modulates hippocampalJournal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- Candesartan Mitigates Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders by Modulating Hypertension-Linked Neuroinflammatory Factor.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Preoperative inflammatory pain exacerbates postoperative pain and neurocognitive impairment.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of risk factors related to perioperative neurocognitive disorders in elderly patients with hip fractures.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The impact of postoperative pain interventions on circadian rhythm disruptions: mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- DHT inhibits REDOX damage and neuroinflammation to reduce PND occurrence in aged mice via mmu_circ_0001442/miR-125a-3p/NUFIP2 axis.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Intratesticular Versus Intrafunicular Lidocaine to Reduce Perioperative Nociception and Immunological Response in Ponies Undergoing Field Castration.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Chronic Pain after Bone Fracture: Current Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Neuroimmune Mechanisms Underlying Neuropathic Pain: The Potential Role of TNF-α-Necroptosis Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAcute postoperative pain plays an important role in the perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). The pathogenesis of PND is still unknown, but it is generally believed that peripheral and central nervous system inflammation play an important role, and acute postoperative pain is also thought to aggravate postoperative inflammatory response. The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of acute postoperative pain on peripheral and central nervous system inflammation and related cognitive impairment behaviour in elderly rats after surgery.
methodsRats were assigned into four groups: control, surgery for internal fixation for tibial fracture, surgery with analgesia using intraperitoneal morphine, and morphine without surgery. Pain was assessed by the Subjective Pain Scale. The spatial memory of rats was assessed by the Morris water maze (delayed matching task) from the second day to the seventh day after surgery (POD2-POD7). In part of the rats, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α in plasma, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the hippocampus were determined by ELISA on the POD2. The activation of microglia and the expression of c-Fos in the hippocampal CA1 regions and mPFC were detected by the immunohistochemical method on the POD2.
resultsAcute postoperative pain and spatial memory impairment occurred after operation, and postoperative analgesia could significantly improve the both parameters. Additionally, on the POD2, the levels of TNF-α in plasma, hippocampus and mPFC were significantly increased, while the activation of microglia cells and the expression c-Fos in the hippocampal CA1 regions and mPFC were significantly increased. And postoperative analgesia with morphine significantly inhibited the above reactions.
conclusionOur data suggest that acute postoperative pain increases the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Peripheral and central nervous system inflammation may be involved in this cognitive impairment. And reducing the intensity of acute postoperative pain may be one of the main preventive strategies for PND.
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