ArticleCell2021
Evidence of escape of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 from natural and vaccine-induced sera.
Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 699 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
699citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
72.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
699 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding Mutations in Human SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
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- Tixagevimab-cilgavimab for treatment of patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2022Trial
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- Immune-focused RBD nanoparticles induce cross-reactive, RBS-directed responses capable of variant-resistant SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic insights into the immune dynamics of wild-type mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant.Laboratory animal research · 2026Article
- Identification of key amino acids defining conformational neutralizing epitopes of coxsackievirus A5 using monoclonal antibody escape mutants.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 variants: biology, pathogenicity, immunity and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- SurfDiff: protein surface profiling for selective or broadly reactive epitope prioritisation in binder and immunogen design.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- C > U mutations generate immunogenic peptides in SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2025Article
639 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
44 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Daming ZhouDivision of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
Wanwisa DejnirattisaiWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Piyada SupasaWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Chang LiuWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Alexander J MentzerWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Helen M GinnInstruct-ERIC, Oxford House, Parkway Court, John Smith Drive, Oxford, UK.
Yuguang ZhaoDivision of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
Helen M E DuyvesteynDivision of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
Aekkachai TuekprakhonWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Rungtiwa NutalaiWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Beibei WangWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Guido C PaesenDivision of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
Cesar Lopez-CamachoWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Jose Slon-CamposWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bassam HallisNational Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
Naomi CoombesNational Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
Kevin BewleyNational Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
Sue CharltonNational Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
Thomas S WalterWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Donal SkellyOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sheila F LumleyOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Christina DoldNIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Robert LevinWorthing Hospital, Worthing, UK.
Tao DongChinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andrew J PollardNIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Julian C KnightWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
Derrick CrookNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Teresa LambeJenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Elizabeth ClutterbuckNIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sagida BibiNIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Amy FlaxmanJenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Mustapha BittayeJenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sandra Belij-RammerstorferJenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sarah GilbertJenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
William JamesSir William Dunn School of Pathology University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Miles W CarrollWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
Paul KlenermanOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Eleanor BarnesOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Susanna J DunachieOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre For Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand.
Elizabeth E FryDivision of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
Juthathip MongkolsapayaWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue & Emerging Pathogens, Dean Office for Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand. Electronic address: jmongkol@well.ox.ac.uk.
Jingshan RenDivision of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: ren@strubi.ox.ac.uk.
David I StuartDivision of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK; Instruct-ERIC, Oxford House, Parkway Court, John Smith Drive, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: dave.stuart@diamond.ac.uk.
Gavin R ScreatonWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: gavin.screaton@medsci.ox.ac.uk.
Centre for Human Genetics · GBUniversity of Oxford · GBPublic Health England · GBAngkor Hospital for Children · KHInstruct-ERIC · GBSiriraj Hospital · THWorthing Hospital · GB
Funding
Medical Research Council MC_PC_19055Medical Research Council MR/L018942/1Medical Research Council MR/N00065X/1Medical Research Council MR/V001329/1Wellcome Trust 109965/Z/15/ZWellcome Trust 203224/Z/16/ZWellcome Trust 204969/Z/16/Z
Abstract
The race to produce vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began when the first sequence was published, and this forms the basis for vaccines currently deployed globally. Independent lineages of SARS-CoV-2 have recently been reported: UK, B.1.1.7; South Africa, B.1.351; and Brazil, P.1. These variants have multiple changes in the immunodominant spike protein that facilitates viral cell entry via the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor. Mutations in the receptor recognition site on the spike are of great concern for their potential for immune escape. Here, we describe a structure-function analysis of B.1.351 using a large cohort of convalescent and vaccinee serum samples. The receptor-binding domain mutations provide tighter ACE2 binding and widespread escape from monoclonal antibody neutralization largely driven by E484K, although K417N and N501Y act together against some important antibody classes. In a number of cases, it would appear that convalescent and some vaccine serum offers limited protection against this variant.
Indexed as
AnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalChlorocebus aethiopsClinical Trials as TopicCOVID-19COVID-19 SerotherapyCOVID-19 VaccinesHEK293 CellsHumansImmunization, PassiveModels, MolecularMutationNeutralization TestsProtein BindingSARS-CoV-2Vero CellsAntibodies, MonoclonalCOVID-19 VaccinesACE2antibodyB.1.351escapeneutralizationreceptor-binding domainSARS-CoV-2South Africavaccinevariant
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.