ArticlePloS one2021
Trajectories of physical functioning among older adults in the US by race, ethnicity and nativity: Examining the role of working conditions.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender and racial/ethnic disparities in the life-course timing of first unpaid caregiving: a survival analysis approach.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- When Being Hispanic Isn't Enough: Intersectional Race-Sex Inequalities in Functional Limitations Among Immigrants.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based risk classification of depressive symptoms among patients with hearing loss: evidence from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- The Latino health experience: Past and future.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The toll of caregiving: life-course family care and disparities in physical functioning.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Black Americans' Diminished Health Returns of Professional Occupations: A Thirty-Year Follow-Up Study of Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Examining the Impact of Race and Poverty on the Relationship Between Purpose in Life and Functional Health: Insights from the HANDLS Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Functional Limitations Among U.S.-born Older Adults: Examining the Role of Physically Demanding Work.Demography · 2025Article
- Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers and physical functioning in a diverse sample of adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Cognitive Health Disparities by Race and Ethnicity: The Role of Occupational Complexity and Occupational Status.Work, aging and retirement · 2025Article
- Race, College Graduation, and Time of Retirement in the United States: A Thirty-Year Longitudinal Cohort of Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Open journal of educational research · 2024Article
- Functional limitation among middle age and older adults: Exploring cross-national gender disparities.Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 2024Article
- Racial, Ethnic, and Immigrant Generational Disparities in Physically Strenuous and Hazardous Work Conditions.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2024Article
- Return Migration and Disability by Life Course Stage of Return: Evidence Against the Salmon Bias.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring the Intersectionality of Place and Gender Among Older Adults in Ghana: An Examination of Women's Disability Disadvantage.Innovation in aging · 2024Article
- The Role of Place of Birth and Residence in Puerto Rican Health Disparities: Evidence From Disability Prevalence Among Archipelago- Vs. Mainland-Born Puerto Ricans.Journal of aging and health · 2024Article
- Occupational characteristics and epigenetic aging among older adults in the United States.Epigenetics · 2023Article
- Racial inequality in functional trajectories between Black and White U.S. veterans.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Physical Work Exposures of Older Workers: Does Measurement Make a Difference?Work, aging and retirement · 2023Article
- The Unequal Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Infant Health.Demography · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Latinos in the US live significantly longer than non-Latino whites, but spend more years disabled. Differentials in socioeconomic status account for part, but not all, of the difference in older age disability between Latinos and whites. We hypothesize that a factor often ignored in the literature-the fact that Latinos, on average, have more physically strenuous jobs than non-Latino whites-contributes to the higher Latino risk of functional limitations at older ages. We use longitudinal data from the 1998-2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) comprising 17,297 respondents. Compared to US-born whites, Latinos, especially Latino immigrants, report substantially higher levels of physical effort at work. Latino-black differences are much smaller than Latino-white differences. As hypothesized, physical work effort is strongly related to functional limitations. However, differentials in physical work effort for Latinos and whites in their fifties and early sixties are weakly related to Latino-white differentials in FL at later ages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.