Observational studyJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2021
Persistent Disparity: Socioeconomic Deprivation and Cancer Outcomes in Patients Treated in Clinical Trials.
Observational study in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Reporting of Rurality, Deprivation, and Socioeconomic Characteristics in Cancer Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of Sex and Deprivation on Neuroendocrine Tumour Survival: Challenges of Heterogeneous Data.Neuroendocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of everolimus and letrozole with or without ribociclib in recurrent endometrial cancer: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Problem-solving skills training in adult cancer survivors: Bright IDEAS-AC pilot study.Cancer treatment and research communications · 2022Trial
- Survivability in patients with rare sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma variants: exploring the influence of rural-urban continuum codes and social determinants of health in the USA.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Rural-urban disparities in cardiovascular and other competing risk of death among cancer patients.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Article
- Are patient factors associated with real-world antibody-drug conjugate outcomes in gynecologic cancers?Gynecologic oncology · 2026Article
- Associations between neighborhood disadvantage, cannabis use, and patient-reported outcomes among patients with cancer.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Self-advocacy training within a peer navigation model in advanced cancer: a pilot study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- County-Level Structural Racism Indices and Racial Disparities in Lung Cancer Care.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Disparities in Timeliness of Cancer Diagnosis Across a Multi-Site Academic Health System.Research square · 2026Article
- Article
- Economic Disparities in Palliative Care Utilization Among Cancer Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Socioeconomic Stratification Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Success rates of American clinical oncology trials by geographic factors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Rurality, risk factors, and stage at diagnosis in head and neck cancer: insights from a Spanish hospital.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in glioma outcomes: a grade-specific analysis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- The Complex Interplay of Race, Neighborhood Deprivation, and Oncologic Outcomes After Transplant.Kidney360 · 2026Article
- The impact of neighborhood-level disadvantage on symptoms, mood, and health-related quality of life among the primary brain tumor population.Neuro-oncology practice · 2026Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposePatients with cancer living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas have worse cancer outcomes. The association between socioeconomic deprivation and outcomes among patients with cancer participating in clinical trials has not been systematically examined.
methodsWe examined survival outcomes for patients enrolled in phase III and large phase II clinical trials for major cancers conducted by the SWOG Cancer Research Network from 1985 to 2012. Socioeconomic deprivation was measured using trial participants' residential zip codes linked to the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Five-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and cancer-specific survival were examined using Cox regression frailty models, adjusting for age, sex, and race, and separately for insurance status, prognostic risk, and rural or urban residency.
resultsWe examined 41,109 patients from 55 trials comprising 24 cancer histology and stage-specific cohorts. Compared with trial participants in the most affluent areas (ADI, 0%-20%), trial participants from areas with the highest socioeconomic deprivation (ADI, 80%-100%) had worse overall (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.37,
conclusionIn patients with cancer with access to protocol-directed care in clinical trials, high area-level socioeconomic deprivation was associated with worse survival. Future research should examine whether the etiology of this residual disparity is related to reduced access to supportive care or postprotocol therapy and/or to differences in health status not reflected by protocol selection criteria.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.